funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.32272541,31901878,and 32172407);the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2022YFD1400900).
Many aphid species exhibit both cyclical parthenogenesis(CP)and the obligate parthenogenesis(OP)life history,which are genetically determined.In CP aphid lineages,the parthenogenetic individuals can switch from asexua...