Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52375159);National Railway Administration of China (Grant No.KF2023-025);the Independent Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power (Grant No.2022TPL_T03)。
The crack-closure effect is a crucial factor that affects the crack growth rate and should be considered in simulation analysis and testing.A mixed-mode I+II loading fatigue crack growth test was performed using EA4T ...