Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275316,51905437,52305149);Nantong Municipal Research Fund for Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University(Grant No.KP202409);Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Forming and Joining Technology for Aerospace Components(Grant No.EL202280325);State Administration for Market Regulation(Grant No.2023MK042);Jiangsu Provincial Administration for Market Regulation(Grant No.KJ2023003);Jiangsu Province Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute(Grant Nos.KJ(Y)202429,KJ(YJ)2023001)。
Tool wear is a critical challenge in titanium alloy friction stir welding(FSW).Vortex flow-based FSW(VFSW)is a potential solution for this issue because the VFSW process uses a similar material to the base metal as th...