教育优绩主义及其超越  

Educational Meritocracy and Its Transcendence

作　　者：王建华[1] WANG Jian-hua(School of Educational Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《高等教育研究》2023年第1期46-56,共11页Journal of Higher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金人才项目(22VRC010)

摘　　要：学校一直有英才情结,教育与优绩主义密切相关。实践中教育优绩主义促进了学校的繁荣,但也异化了教育的本质,并加剧了社会的不平等。超越教育优绩主义不是抛弃或废除优绩主义,而是不能简单地把“才能加努力”作为“成功”的最佳策略,应在承认人类天赋的不完美和后天环境的不确定性基础上,通过不断改进政治和社会制度安排,以确保所有人都能获得充分且适合的教育,享有体面的工作和有尊严的生活。从实践出发,在教育公平与优绩主义之间,合理的选择只能是坚持教育公平的理想,并正视精英阶层居于统治地位的现实。教育改革的应然取向不是完全抛弃或废除优绩主义,而是要使优绩主义的运作尽可能地合乎教育公平的理想,以便在追求教育公平的理想与优绩主义的现实之间保持恰当而持久的平衡。There’s a talent complex in schools,which is closely related to meritocracy.Educational meritocracy promotes the prosperity of schools;however,it also alienates the essence of education and exacerbates social inequality.Transcending educational meritocracy does not mean abandoning it or considering it as the best strategy.On the basis of acknowledging the imperfections of human talent and the uncertainty of the acquired environment,our political and social institutional arrangements should be continuously improved to ensure that everyone can receive sufficient and suitable education.From a practical perspective,the reasonable choice between educational fairness and meritocracy is to adhere to the ideal of educational fairness and face the reality of elite class.The orientation of educational reform is to make the operation of meritocracy conform to the ideal of educational fairness as much as possible,in order to maintain an appropriate and lasting balance between educational fairness and meritocracy.

关 键 词：优绩主义 精英主义 绩效主义 教育公平 美好生活 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理] G640[文化科学—教育学]