亚洲远程教育的现状、挑战和对策  

A Vision for the 21^(st) Century: Distance Teaching vs Distance Learning and Development in Asia

作　　者：谭尚渭 

机构地区：[1]香港公开大学

出　　处：《开放教育研究》1999年第Z1期8-12,90,共6页Open Education Research

摘　　要：自一个世纪前国际教育界提出远程教育的概念以来,远程教育经历了令人注目的发展,尤其是在推动世界各国的社会和经济的发展中起着重要的作用。亚洲是远程教育的发源地,也是世界上远程学习者最多的地区。目前,亚洲各国和地区正致力于有效地发展远程教育,迎接社会发展带来的种种挑战,这些挑战包括社会和经济发展的合理化、全球化、人力资源的发展,以及通过开放和平等的形式实现教育的大众化。然而,回顾亚洲远程教育的历史,我们可以看到,亚洲地区的远程教育往往强调远程教师的“教”而不是远程学生的“学”,即远程教学仍然是“以教师为中心”。基于这一历史背景以及探讨其对教学实践的影响,我们有必要对亚洲远程教育的方向和模式进行反思。 本文的讨论将集中于评价亚洲远程教育的实践和探讨教育模式改革带来的影响,具体来说,包括以下几个问题:亚洲几十年来远程学习是怎样发展变化的?远程教学的成效如何?随着双向交流式的以学生为中心的灵活学习和虚拟学习模式的出现,亚洲未来的远程教育的实践将会产生怎样的变化呢?面临21世纪,远程教育对国家和地区的发展日趋重要,亚洲未来的学习模式又应该是怎样的呢?在教学材料设计、学生支持和英特网教学等方面,最合适的亚洲远程教育的形式又是什么样的呢?There is no gainsaying the fact that distance education has undergone phenomenal development since it surfaced on the world educational scene over a century ago. Even more remarkable is the effect it has unleashed on national development in various countries and regions of the world. Asia, as the home of distance education with the largest number of distance teaching institutions students in the world, has risen to the challenges of national development with the effective use of distance education. Such challenges include social and economic rationalisation, globalisation, human resource developmnet, and a movement towards education for all through open access and equity. However, a review of the history of the practice of distance education in Asia suggests a greater reliance on distance teaching rather than on distance learning. Given this history, and also as a consequence of the need for reflection on practice, it is worthwhile to review the state-of-the-art of distance education in Asia and also to critically review the effect of the shifting paradigms in distance education on its practice in Asia. A number of issues will be addressed in this paper to focus on the reflection on practice and critical review of the uptake of shifting paradigms. What has been the result of several decades of distance teaching in Asia? How did distance learning evolve and where has its effect been mosdy felt in Asian distance education? With the advent of flexible interactive student-centred learning and of the emerging paradigm of virtual learning, how is the practice of distance education in Asia going to be shaped? As Asia moves into the 21' century with an eye on increased use of distance education for national and regional development, what model can be suggested for future learning in Asia? What best practices in areas of instructional materials design, student support and significant attempts at web-based instruction can we identify for future practice of distance education in Asia? The paper will conclude by suggesting a

关 键 词：远程教育 香港公开大学 远程学习者 远程教学 开放大学 以学生为中心 亚洲 DISTANCE 开放和远程教育 教学设计 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]