汉语语词的短时记忆广度  

STM SPAN FOR CHINESE WORDS AND PHRASES

作　　者：喻柏林[1] 荆其诚[1] 司马贺 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所 [2]美国卡内基-梅隆大学

出　　处：《心理学报》1985年第4期361-368,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：我们应用标准的立即回忆实验设计,考查汉语语词的短时记忆(STM)广度。以单音词,双音合成词和四字成语为材料的STM广度,基本上符合STM的组块假说(即STM能贮存一个固定数目的组块),但受到组块熟悉性和复杂性的较大影响。而且,语音的相似性引起广度的降低。汉字在字形上的相似性对广度没有什么影响。通过编制人工“汉字”,发现汉字的偏旁部首不是组块单位,而在人工“字”中却作为组块起作用。最后,比较了两种呈现刺激方式对STM广度的影响,发现有控制的知觉策略能增加STM广度。Using the Standard immediate recall experimental design, we examined the span of STM for Chinese words and phrases. The data for single words, double-phonetic-compound words and four-character idiomsspeak for the hypothesis that STM is capable of storing a fixed number of chunks, but with rather strong effects of familiarity and complexity onSTM span. Furthermore, phonetic similarity caused a decrease in span. We also examined the morphological effects of the internal components of Chinese characters in forming chunks. We made up pseudocharacters and noncharacters from character components, and found that the component units, and not the full composite patterns, behaved as chunks. Finally, by comparing two different stimilus presentation procedures as to their effects on STM span, we found that the strategy of controlling perception may somewhat increase STM span.

关 键 词：记忆广度 汉语语词 相似性 汉字的偏旁部首 组块 短时记忆 实验设计 四字成语 熟悉性 固定数目 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]