农村从教:不想去还是去不了?——基于一位村小教师的访谈资料  

Choosing to Be a Rural Teacher——Don't Want to Go or Can't Go?——Based on interview materials from a rural teacher

作　　者：姜超[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学农村教育研究所

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2015年第4期39-45,共7页Education Research Monthly

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"城镇化背景下我国义务教育改革和发展机制研究"(项目批准号:13JZD043)成果之一

摘　　要：优化村校进人机制是当前农村教育政策难点。农村从教研究结论既存在共识也有较大争议。本体论、实践论和认识论层面的农村从教的政策研究思路也受到较大挑战。通过对一位从教36年村小高级教师的访谈发现:村校教师管理存在"45岁退休"现象;农村学校总体超编严重;少数进人指标还落入本地"关系户"手中。通过对这些问题的讨论分析认为:农村教师职业吸引力是主客观统一的概念;农村从教的"不想去"与"去不了"问题同时存在;村校教师管理存在人力资源浪费;村校选人存在"人力资本"给"社会资本"让位现象。为此提出以下政策建议:农村教师政策设计要重视"自下而上"的逻辑;农村引进教师的毕业院校主要放在"一般师范院校"而不是"重点师范大学";建立健全农村学校教师管理的动态调整机制。Optimizing the mechanism of employing teachers in rural schools is the current difficulty of rural education policy. There are some consensus and controversy in the conclusions about the choosing to be a rural teacher. The research idea of employing teachers in rural schools is being challenged from the perspectives of ontology, practice and epistemology. By interviewing research method, the researchers visited a senior teacher who has been teaching children in the rural region for 36 years. We find that some elder teachers who is 45 retire from their teaching position; Rural schools employ more teachers than what they really need; Few chances that can affect the hiring result also fall into those who have local 'Guanxi'. The researchers analyze these problems and get some conclusions. The concept of rural teachers' professional attraction is a unification of subjective and objective; Problems about 'don't want to go ' or 'can't go' exist in choosing to be a rural teacher at the same time; There is a phenomenon that people who employ teachers of rural school prefer the social capital than the human capital. So we provide following policy suggestions:(1) Rural teachers ' policy design should attach great importance to the logic of 'bottom-up';(2) New teachers employed to rural school should graduate from more general normal colleges than the key normal universities;(3) Dynamic adjustment mechanism of rural teachers management should be established.

关 键 词：农村从教 农村教师 教师编制 教师管理 社会资本 

分 类 号：G525.1[文化科学—教育学]