问题解决中图式的建构:一项应用题分类研究  

The Construction of Schema in Problem-solving: Study on Children's Categorizing for Word Problems

作　　者：辛自强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2005年第1期69-73,共5页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：全国教育科学"十五"规划重点课题国家青年基金课题(CBA030045);北京市教育科学"十五"规划重点课题(ABA03010)资助.

摘　　要：以小学三、四年级的60名儿童为被试,采用对基本算术应用题分类的方法测量图式,探讨了图式的作用以及影响图式获得的因素。结果表明,被试对问题的分类有前图式水平、图式水平、按解题程序分类三种情况,前两个水平又分成若干亚水平;图式的水平对问题解决成绩有预测作用;图式的水平和问题解决成绩均有显著的性别差异,女生优于男生。Schema was measured by 60 third and fourth graders' categorizing for simple arithmetical word problems. Results showed that the participants classified these problems respectively on schematic level or pre-schematic level or procedural level. Performances on problem solving were different between schematic level and pre-schematic level, pre-schematic level and procedural level. There were significant gender differences on schema level and performances on problem solving. Concretely, girls exceeded boys.

关 键 词：问题解决 图式 成绩 水平 应用题分类 解题程序 算术应用题 被试 情况 性别差异 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] G633[哲学宗教—心理学]