机器翻译中的受控语言  

Controlled Language in Machine Translation

作　　者：胡清平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学外国语学院,镇江市212013

出　　处：《中国科技翻译》2005年第3期24-27,共4页Chinese Science & Technology Translators Journal

基　　金：江苏省高校社科基金项目成果之一;项目批准号:04SJD740012。

摘　　要：为了解决各种手册的可读性问题,为了克服机器翻译语料库的复杂性,人们创造了受控语言。受控语言加机器翻译就是受控翻译。为了实现受控翻译,必须实施受控语言的应用。翻译软件的研发和受控语言的推广是改进机器翻译质量的两个方向:前者瞄准自然语言处理中的难点,后者克服自然语言使用中的随意。走向受控语言的首要步骤是做到中外词汇严格地一对一。这些词汇既要植入机器翻译软件,也要用于指导和限制科技文本的写作。笔者提出受控汉英翻译的设想,进而针对计算机处理汉语的诸多困难,提出十点建议,涉及词语切分、助词、动词时态、消歧手段、形合手段、使用短句、长难句分析、标点符号、汉英常用词词典、语料库等。Some linguists have created controlled language whose grammar and vocabulary are restricted in order to solve the problem of readability of handbooks for human readers and to eliminate the complexity of corpora for machine translation. Machine translation plus controlled language is called controlled translation. Although a dozen of Chinese English MT systems have been in use in China and abroad now, there are common shortcomings in all of them. The imperfections are resulted from the characteristics of Chinese as well as that of English. The biggest problem is that one Chinese word corresponds to many English words, and vice versa. This problem, the author suggests, should be solved by reducing the number of equivalent English words to only one as is done successfully on other pairs of languages, and by giving only one Chinese translation of a word newly borrowed from English, with the technique of semantic transliteration rather than free translation. The first step toward controlled translation is to compile a common dictionary for technical translation, which is characterized with one Chinese word for one English word. Besides, the author puts forward proposals for overcoming other difficulties unique to Chinese.

关 键 词：机器翻译 受控语言 可读性 语料库 英汉翻译 

分 类 号：H085[语言文字—语言学] H315.9