降低农村初中辍学率和义务教育体制的改革  

Reducing the Rate of Dropout in Rural Middle School and Reforming the System of Compulsory Education

作　　者：蒋中一[1] 戴洪生[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农村经济研究中心 [2]苏州市农业职业技术学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2005年第4期59-66,共8页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章认为学生厌学和学杂费上涨是造成农村义务教育初中阶段较高辍学率的两个重要原因。在目前的办学体制下,财政投资不足是农村学校“寻租行为”合法化的理由,政府控制学杂费上升的各种努力收效不高,同时也造成了激励农村中学提高教育质量的机制缺失,很多农村中学低下的教育质量是造成学生厌学的主要原因。要降低农村初中的辍学率,较为有效的政策是部分开放农村的教育市场,改变政府财政独家承担的投资体制,改革农村教育的管理模式,引入多方资金创办民办学校,在学校收费和办学质量上,与公办学校进行竞争,培育和发展公办学校和民办学校相结合的农村义务教育体制。There are two reasons for the high rate of dropout in rural middle school at compulsory educational period: the students are boring of going to school and the higher cost for study. The former is more influential. Under the current system of rural education, the short of fiscal input is the main reason for rural schools to take some activities of 'rent seeking'. The consequence is two-fold:the government control of tuition fee becomes less efficient and the schools lack incentives to promote their qualities. The ill-quality of rural education in turn causes the dropout in middle schools. The paper advocates a opening-up of rural educational market, which the authors believe can raise more funds and introduce competition in charges and educational quality. A new educational system for running schools jointly by the government and local people should also be created and developed.

关 键 词：辍学率 义务教育体制 中国 农村 初中 学杂费 厌学情绪 办学质量 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学] G522.3