液压挖掘机动臂结构的优化设计  

Optimal Design of Boom Structure for Hydraulic Excavators

作　　者：陈健 周鑫 刘欣[2] 籍庆辉[2] 杨为[2] 

机构地区：[1]三一重机有限公司 [2]重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室

出　　处：《工程机械》2008年第7期19-22,5-6,共4页Construction Machinery and Equipment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50205026);重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTC;2005BB3222)

摘　　要：针对现有的优化设计方法不能有效地解决工程机械零部件使用寿命低、且存在优化模型复杂和规模较大等问题,以液压挖掘机工作装置的动臂为研究对象,提出以有限元单元厚度为设计变量,以相同工况下应力最小、全局刚度最大为优化目标的优化设计数学模型。在求解优化设计模型时,综合考虑刚度灵敏度和应力灵敏度对优化效率的影响,采取对全局灵敏度进行归一化处理的措施,大幅度降低了优化模型的求解规模,并对优化数学模型进行了求解。分析结果表明,利用该优化模型使动臂在相同工况下最大应力降低了12.9%,局部刚度提高了29.8%,有助于延长动臂的使用寿命。工程实践证明,该优化方法减少了设计人员在结构设计中的盲目性,能高效地得到优化结果。Aiming at the problems in existing optimal design method, such as incapability on extending service life of parts and components of construction machinery, complexity and large scale of optimal model, a mathematical model for optimal design is presented taking the boom of an excavator attachment as a research objective; the model takes the thicknesses of finite elements as design variables, minimum stresses under the same conditions and maximum complete rigidity as optimizing targets. When solving the model of optimal design, influences of rigidity sensitivity and stress sensitivity to optimization efficiency are considered comprehensively. Measure to internally normalize complete sensitivity is adopted so the solution scale of optimal model is reduced significantly and solving procedure of the optimal mathematical model is listed in the article. Analysis results present that, using the optimal model, the maximum stress of the boom is reduced by 12.9% and local rigidity is increased by 29.8%, which benefit service life extending of the boom. Engineering practice shows that the optimal method avoids blindness of designers in structure designing and optimal results can be obtained efficiently.

关 键 词：液压挖掘机 动臂 结构优化设计 数学模型 

分 类 号：TU621[建筑科学—建筑技术科学] TS254.3[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]