拔节期追氮对不同季节糯玉米淀粉糊化特性的影响  

The starch pasting properties in different nitrogen topdressing treatments under spring and autumn season of waxy maize varieties

作　　者：陆大雷[1] 景立权[1] 王德成[1] 韩晴[1] 郭换粉[1] 赵久然[2] 陆卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第2期549-555,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30971731);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(YZPT02-06);江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放课题资助项目(02738800372)

摘　　要：明确基因型、生长环境和栽培措施对糯玉米淀粉糊化特性的影响可以调控淀粉品质。以垦粘1号、苏玉糯1号和苏玉糯5号为材料,研究了拔节期追氮量(0、150kghm-2和300kghm-2)对春季和秋季淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明:生长季节对淀粉糊化特性的影响大于基因型和拔节期追氮处理。秋季生长条件下的糯玉米淀粉具有较高的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值和终值黏度;拔节期适量追氮处理下糯玉米淀粉糊化特性较不追氮差异较小,但过量追氮峰值黏度和崩解值下降,糊化温度升高。相关分析表明,峰值黏度和谷值黏度、崩解值和终值黏度呈显著或极显著正相关,且峰值黏度、崩解值和峰值时间以及糊化温度呈显著或极显著负相关。以垦粘1号为材料,春季条件下生长并拔节期追施氮300kghm-2,秋季条件下生长并拔节期追施氮150kghm-2,淀粉的糊化特性较优,即具有较高的峰值黏度和崩解值。The waxy maize starch quality could be adjusted through understanding the effects of genotypes,growing environments,and cultivation measures on it.The effects of nitrogen（N）top-dressing（0,150 kg hm-2 and 300 kg hm-2）at jointing stage on waxy maize starch pasting properties were studied under spring and autumn seasons using Kennian 1,Suyunuo 1 and Suyunuo 5 as materials.The results showed the season effect was larger on starch pasting properties than that of genotype grown and N applied.The starch in the grains of waxy maize grown in autumn exhibited higher peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown and final viscosity as compared to that grown in spring.The suitable amount of N application at jointing stage（i.e.,150 kg hm-2）had limited effect on the starch pasting properties,while the excessive N topdressing（i.e.,300 kg hm-2）decreased peak viscosity and breakdown,and increased pasting temperature.Correlation analysis indicated that the peak viscosity was positively correlated to trough viscosity（r=0.75,P 0.01）,breakdown（r=0.96,P 0.01）and final viscosity（r=0.57,P 0.05）,but both peak viscosity and breakdown correlated significantly and negatively with peak time（r=-0.50 and-0.56,P 0.05,respectively）and pasting temperature（r=-0.86 and-0.92,P 0.01,respectively）.For Kennian 1 grown under the conditions of this experiment,grains produced in spring under high N application（300 kg hm-2）at jointing stage,as well as those produced in autumn under medium N supply（150 kg hm-2）at jointing stage,showed trends of better starch pasting property with higher peak viscosity and breakdown.

关 键 词：糯玉米 淀粉 糊化特性 生长季节 拔节期追氮 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]