重载机车采用不同车钩时的稳钩能力比较  

Coupler stability comparison of different couplers for heavy haul locomotive

作　　者：马卫华[1,2] 杨俊杰 罗世辉[1] 宋荣荣[4] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]资阳机车有限公司,四川资阳641301 [3]大同电力机车有限责任公司技术中心,山西大同037038 [4]西南民族大学计算机科学与技术学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《内燃机车》2010年第5期5-9,共5页Diesel Locomotives

基　　金：973重点基础项目(2007CB714701);国家自然科学基金项目(50775191);国家重点实验室自主研究课题项目(2008TPL_T03);西南交通大学科技发展基金资助项目

摘　　要：针对重载机车在牵引试验中出现的脱轨现象,研究了重载机车在承受纵向压钩力作用时车钩的稳钩能力。以重载机车常用的LAF车钩和13号车钩为例,在结构分析的基础上,比较分析了大转角车钩和小转角车钩不同的稳钩方式和稳钩原理。建立了充分考虑车钩缓冲器、钩肩/止挡特性的车钩模型,并将其应用到某四节连挂机车牵引的万吨级列车模型中。通过动力学仿真研究了分别采用两种车钩模型的机车在纵向压钩力作用下的动力学行为,发现无钩肩装置的13号车钩在纵向压钩力作用下会引起车钩与钩尾框的刚性冲击,同时指出车钩水平自由转角的不同是引起不同车钩模型可以承受的最大纵向压钩力不同的根本原因。纵向压钩力作用下车钩的倾倒同时会引起车轮偏磨现象的发生,稳钩能力差的车钩导致的车轮偏磨更严重。Aimed to solve the derailment phenomena of heavy haul locomotive in the line traction tests,the coupler stability of the heavy haul locomotive with the longitudinal press force on the coupler was researched in this paper.Taking LAF coupler and No.13 coupler for example,the stability mode and mechanism of the stability of the coupler with big and small rotation angles were compared based on the structure analysis.The coupler dynamic model,in which the coupler buffer character and coupler shoulder/position stop character were considered in detail,was built,and let it into the model for an 10000 t train hauled by 4 locomotives.The locomotive dynamic performance under the longitudinal press force on the coupler with two different coupler models was researched through the dynamic simulation.The simulations show that there is a rigidly impact between the coupler and the coupler yoke of the No.13 coupler with the longitudinal press force as it has no the coupler shoulder settings,and the main reason of the two different coupler models which can afford different longitudinal press forces was that the coupler free rotation angle different.The wheel wear can be induced by the coupler incline which was caused by the longitudinal press force.The coupler which undesirable stability will lead a serious wheel lopsided wear.

关 键 词：重载 机车 制动 轮轨 车钩 

分 类 号：U260.1[机械工程—车辆工程]