基于人体损伤特征的车—人碰撞事故再现模拟与分析  

Reconstruction and Analysis of the Vehicle—Pedestrian Crash Accidents Based on Human Injury Characters

作　　者：张晓云[1] 金先龙[1] 申杰[1] 柴象海[1] 侯心一[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海市公安局交通警察总队,上海200070

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第12期106-112,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;2007AA11Z234);国家自然科学基金(50705058;50875166;60970049);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20070248113)资助项目

摘　　要：分析车—人碰撞事故中两类行人数值模型的特点,多刚体行人数值模型建模简单,计算速度快,有限元行人数值模型计算精度高,可以对人体局部损伤给出精确的力学分析。结合上述两类模型的特点,提出面向事故中人体损伤特征的组合式模块化行人假人数值模型构建方法,并以车—人碰撞事故中常见的下肢损伤为例,建立多刚体—有限元耦合接触的人体下肢模型,对此模型进行合理性验证。应用上述两类模型,对一起典型的车—人碰撞事故进行分析,通过多刚体模型对车辆速度进行判断,利用多刚体—有限元耦合的人体下肢模型对事故中的下肢损伤进行数值分析。数值模拟结果表明基于人体损伤特征的行人建模方法可以在事故再现中达到计算精度和效率两方面的平衡。The characters of the two kinds of pedestrian models are studied.The calculation time can be reduced by the multi-body （MB） method,and fine analysis should be finished by finite element （FE） method.In the study,the coupled FE-MB human modeling is considered as the approach for improving the efficiency and accuracy of pedestrian accident reconstruction.For the large proportion of the injury of the lower limb in the vehicle-pedestrian accidents,the FE-MB lower limb model is built and validated by comparing the simulation with the tests.Then,the coupled FE-MB model is applied in a real-world traffic accident case,the velocity of the vehicle can be solved by the MB model according to the contact position between the pedestrian and the auto-body.And the FE lower limb is used to predict the fracture of long bones.The simulation result is consistent to the inspection conclusion of the forensic experts,so it is proved to be correct.With the coupled FE-MB method,the vehicle-pedestrian crash accident can be simulated and analyzed,thus providing a scientific foundation for accident judgments.

关 键 词：行人 交通事故 再现 多刚体 有限元 

分 类 号：U491.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]