大豆水酶法提取副产物-水溶性糖工艺优化及机理研究  

Enzyme-Assistant Aqueous Extraction of Polysaccharides from Soybean By-product:Optimization and Mechanism Study

作　　者：李杨[1] 江连洲[1,2] 张兆国[3] 吴霞[1] 吴海波 许晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学食品学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]国家大豆工程中心,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学农业工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2010年第6期31-36,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：农业部现代大豆产业技术体系建设项目(nycytx-004)

摘　　要：水酶法提油条件温和,油料蛋白的性能几乎不发生变化,无论是水相中直接加工利用,还是回收分离蛋白再利用,效果都十分理想,但有关水酶法提取植物油脂和蛋白质的副产物-水溶性糖的相关研究较少,故针对挤压膨化后水酶法提取大豆油脂和蛋白质的副产物-大豆水溶性糖进行研究。利用响应面分析方法对酶法提取副产物-大豆水溶性糖得率进行了优化。建立了相应的数学模型,为以后的中试以及工业化生产提供理论基础,并且得到了最优酶解工艺条件为加酶量为2.1%,温度为58℃,酶解时间为3.5 h,料水比为1:6.4,pH为10,响应面有最优值在(20.98±1.03)%。经过验证与对比试验可知在最优酶解工艺条件下水溶性糖得率可达到19.97%左右,比相同酶解条件下未经挤压膨化预处理水溶性糖得率以及碱提工艺水溶性糖得率均有显著提高。利用超微结构能谱分析为手段,针对水溶性糖得率提高机理进行了研究,经研究表明:①挤压膨化再粉碎后大豆细胞组织破坏,水溶性糖与蛋白复合物中蛋白质与蛋白酶作用位点较充分暴露,有利于其酶解使得水溶性糖与蛋白复合物破坏。②大豆中水溶性糖部分以糖与蛋白复合物形式存在,而想提取此类大豆水溶性糖需要将蛋白水解。The conditions of enzyme-assistant aqueous extraction for oil are mild,and the protein in raw material is hardly denatured during the extraction and the protein in the liquid phase after extraction can be reused or withdrawn after separation.However,there is little research on the soluble polysaccharides in the liquid phase.This experiment was aimed to study the soluble polysaccharides in the liquid phase after the enzyme-assistant aqueous extraction of soybean oil and protein.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the soluble polysaccharides extraction with enzyme hydrolysis,and a corresponding mathematical model was established to provide practical recommendation and theoretical basis.Results： The optimal technological parameters for the soybean soluble polysaccharides extraction are enzyme concentration 2.1%,temperature 58 ℃,enzyme hydrolysis time 3.5 h,material to water ratio 1∶6.4,and pH 10.Optimal value of 20.98±1.03% was obtained on response surface.The soluble polysaccharides extraction yield reaches 19.97% under the optimal conditions.The soluble polysaccharides extraction yield with extrusion and expansion pretreatment is significantly higher than that without extrusion and expansion pretreatment.A mechanism study by microstructure and energy spectrum analysis on the reasons about the increase of soluble polysaccharides yield was carried out.Results show the reasons are： 1） Soybean cells are destroyed under extrusion and expansion followed by grounding during which action sites of soluble polysaccharides and protein compounds for protease are exposed and favorable to disruption of soluble polysaccharides and compounds.2） Part of soybean soluble polysaccharides exists as form of compounds of soluble polysaccharides and protein.In order to obtain more soluble polysaccharides,the compound protein needs to be hydrolyzed.

关 键 词：大豆水溶性糖 响应曲面 水酶法 

分 类 号：TS229[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]