寂寞身后事,蓄势待来年——让·皮亚杰(J.Piaget)逝世30周年祭  

A Great Mind To Be Rediscovered——In Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of J.Piaget's Death

作　　者：李其维[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2010年第5期1026-1029,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：皮亚杰逝世已30年,但皮亚杰所创立的发生认识论研究不应走向历史。皮亚杰的理论遭到许多人的误解。遗传论和生物学化是两项最为不恰当的帽子。皮亚杰不是传统意义上的心理学家,心理学只是其研究康德意义上的"先验范畴"之个体发生发展的"方法论插曲"。发生认识论具有鲜明的跨学科性质,应该进行"发生认识论"与当代"认知科学"的比较研究。应正确认识理论生物学、结构主义方法论、代数工具和逻辑学在发生认识论研究中的作用和地位,尤其应注重晚年皮亚杰运用新的意义逻辑(logic of meaning)和态射(morphisms)、范畴(categories)等新的代数概念作为形式化认知结构之工具的价值和意义。要深入研究发生认识论对以"具身化"和"回归大脑"为特色的第二代认知科学的启示,探讨它们之间的联系。至少在两个方面可以明显看到这种联系:一是发生认识论中的"动作协调"及对由协调而产生的逻辑—数学经验的"反省抽象"这两个概念,表明了皮亚杰对心智具身性的卓越洞见;二是在皮亚杰所主张的"表型复制"(phynocopy)观点中体现的衍生论(epigenesis)和建构论(constructionism)思想,它们与第二代认知科学的动力系统理论之基本思想——所涉因素或变量之间的关系是一种互为因果、相互塑造的对偶(coupling)关系而不是线性的单向因果关系——两者是完全一致的。皮亚杰及其发生认识论定会随着认知科学的未来发展而被"再发现"。It has been thirty years since J.Piaget passed away.However,his＂Genetic Epistemology＂should not be gone with him. Piaget＇s theories were misunderstood by many other people.Hereditarianism and biologicalization were two most inappropriate labels （critics）.Piaget was not a psychologist in the traditional sense,psychology was just a＂methodology episode＂when he studied the origin and development of individuals in terms of Kant＇s＂apriorist categories＂.＂Genetic Epistemology＂research is characterized by the distinct inter-discipline;therefore,a comparative research between＂Genetic Epistemology＂and contemporary＂Cognitive Science＂should be carried out.Researchers should clearly realize the role that theoretic biology,constructuralist methodology,algebra instrument and logic play in＂Genetic Epistemology＂research,with especial emphasis on the value and significance when Piaget applied the new algebra concept,such as morphisms and categories and new logic of meaning,etc.as the tool of the formalism cognitive structure in his old age. Further researches should be done to investigate how＂Genetic Epistemology＂illuminates the second generation cognitive science with characteristics of＂embodiment＂and＂back to brain＂,and the relationship between them as well.This relationship is evident in two aspects：one is the＂coordination of actions＂in Genetic Epistemology and＂reflective abstraction＂of the logico-mathematical experiences coming from the coordination—two concepts which indicate Piaget＇s insight fulness into the embodiment of mind;the other is the idea of epigenesist and constructionist thoughts as reflected in the concept of＂phynocopy＂advanced by Piaget,which are completely consistent with the basic concept of the dynamic system theory in the second generation cognitive science—the relationship among the relevant elements or variants is one of reciprocal causation and mutually- shaping coupling relationship,instead of a linear one-way causality relationship. Piag

关 键 词：皮亚杰理论 发生认识论 第二代认知科学 

分 类 号：B84-06[哲学宗教—基础心理学]