护士工作倦怠与积极心理健康的相关因素研究  

Relationship between Job Burnout and Positive Mental Health of Nurses

作　　者：许海燕[1] 孙平[2] 邢峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡医药高等专科学校公共基础部,重庆404120 [2]重庆三峡医药高等专科学校高等教育研究中心,重庆404120

出　　处：《护理学报》2010年第23期65-68,共4页Journal of Nursing（China）

基　　金：重庆三峡医药高等专科学校2009年度校级教改;人文社科课题(2009XJ02)

摘　　要：目的探讨护士工作倦怠与积极心理健康的关系。方法采用工作倦怠问卷和幸福进取者问卷,调查重庆、云南两地5家医院的324名护士,分析不同人口学特征护士得分的差异;对工作倦怠和幸福进取的相关因素进行相关性分析和逐步回归分析。结果 (1)不同医院护士的工作倦怠和幸福进取得分差异有统计学意义(玩世不恭维度P<0.001,其余维度P<0.05);本科学历护士玩世不恭得分高于大专护士[(8.65±6.06)vs(6.29±5.20),P<0.05]。(2)护士工作倦怠中的情绪衰竭和玩世不恭与积极心理健康负相关(r=-0.172～-0.410,P<0.01),成就感与积极心理健康正相关(r=0.253～0.423)。多元逐步回归分析显示,克服困难、幸福感和学习成长是影响情绪衰竭的主要因素(β=-0.363、-0.283、0.211),幸福进取总分是影响玩世不恭和成就感低落的主要因素(β=-0.388、0.423)。结论护士工作倦怠与积极心理健康存在负相关,克服困难和幸福感是情绪衰竭的负向预测指标,学习成长是情绪衰竭的正向预测指标,幸福进取总分是玩世不恭和成就感低落的负向预测指标。Objective To explore the relationship between job burnout and positive mental health of nurses.Methods The MBI-GS and the Happy Enterprising Individual Questionnaire were used to test 324 nurses in 5 hospitals from Chongqing and Yunnan.Results（1）There were statistical significances of the scores of job burnout and happiness enterprise for nurses from different hospital（cynicism,P〈0.001;the others,P〈0.05）,and education in which the scores of cynicism of nurses with bachelor degree were higher than those of nurses with junior college degree [（8.65±6.06） vs（6.29±5.20）,P〈0.05].（2） There were significant negative correlations between emotional exhaustion,cynicism and positive mental health（r=-0.172～-0.410,P〈0.01）.But a significant positive correlation was between sense of achievement and positive（r=0.253～0.423）.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion was related to hardness-conquer,well-being and study-growth（β=-0.363,-0.283,0.211）,and cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment were both related to happiness enterprise（β=-0.388,0.423）.Conclusion There is a significant negative correlation between job burnout and happiness enterprise;emotional exhaustion is negatively related to hardness-conquer and well-being,and positively related to study-growth;cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment are both related to happiness enterprise.

关 键 词：护士 工作倦怠 积极心理健康 幸福进取 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]