铁道客车车体弹性振动减振研究  

STUDY ON CAR BODY FLEXIBLE VIBRATION REDUCTION FOR RAILWAY PASSENGER CARRIAGE

作　　者：黄彩虹[1] 曾京[1] 邬平波[1] 罗仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《工程力学》2010年第12期250-256,共7页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50823004);国家973计划课题(2007CB714701);国家重点实验室自主课题(2008TPL_Z04)

摘　　要：铁道客车高速化和轻量化导致车体产生了严重的垂向弹性振动。为了研究弹性振动的减振方法,在将车体考虑成两端自由等截面欧拉梁的基础上,建立了铁道客车刚柔耦合垂向动力学简化模型。计算了系统各部件的固有模态,并确定了车体弹性振动的计算阶数。进行车体弹性振动幅频特性分析,给出了车辆系统悬挂参数和车体结构参数对弹性振动的影响。提出采用粘弹性约束阻尼层来减小车体的弹性振动。仿真结果表明:弹性车体模型的振动大于刚性车体;车体一阶弯曲振动对弹性振动的贡献最大;为了减小车体的弹性振动,车体垂向弯曲自振频率应该足够大于2倍构架浮沉自振频率,但应小于构架结构振动自振频率。应采用适当的一系、二系垂向阻尼和提高车体结构阻尼来衰减车体弹性振动。约束阻尼处理能够提高车体结构的损耗因子,可以明显地衰减车体弹性振动。High speed and light weight of the railway passenger carriages could cause serious carriage body vertical flexible vibration.In order to find the ways to reduce the elastic vibration,a simplified model of vertical rigid-flexible coupled dynamics for railway passenger carriages is established,in which the carriage body is modelled as a simple uniform Euler beam with free ends.The natural frequencies of the vehicle system components are calculated,and the vertical bending vibration modes are determined for carriage body elastic vibration calculation.The amplitude-frequency characteristics of carriage body elastic vibration is analysed,and the effects of vehicle suspension parameters and carriage body structure parameters on elastic vibration are investigated.The visco-elastic constrained damping layers are suggested to reduce the vertical elastic vibration of the carriage body.Through numerical simulation,it is found that the vibrations calculated by the elastic carriage body model are larger than the rigid body model.The first-order bending vibration has the most important role for the elastic vibration.In order to reduce the carriage body elastic vibration,the first vertical bending natural frequency of the carriage body should be more than times of the natural frequency of vertical rigid mode of the bogie frame,but smaller than the natural frequency of the bogie frame structure vibration.Adequate vertical damping of primary and secondary suspensions,and increased carriage body structure damping should be adopted to attenuate the flexible vibration of carriage body.The use of constrained damping layers can increase the carriage body structure loss factor and hence suppress the carriage body elastic vibration efficiently.

关 键 词：铁道客车 减振 弹性车体 弯曲振动 约束阻尼层 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]