企业员工人口学变量、工作特征与主观幸福感的关系：工作压力的作用  

The Relationships Among Employee Well-being,Demographic Characteristics and Job Characteristcs:the Role of Job Stress

作　　者：张兴贵[1] 郭扬[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学国际工商管理学院,粤商研究中心,广州510420 [2]香港岭南大学商学院,中国香港

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第5期1151-1156,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(10151042001000007);广东省哲学社会科学“十一五”规划(GD10CGL16);广东外语外贸大学校级”211工程”项目(GDUFS-211-m);奥商研究中心课题(2011JD-05)的资助

摘　　要：本研究通过对北京、上海、南京、成都、长沙及广州266名企业员工有效样本的测查,考察了员工幸福感在人口学变量和工作特征变量上的差异,探讨了工作压力对幸福感的作用,发现不同年龄、学历、企业所有制、行业和工作岗位的员工的幸福感水平差异显著,人口学变量和工作特征对员工幸福感有交互作用。回归分析发现,工作压力、学历和工作类别变量分别直接影响幸福感,性别、年龄和学历还通过工作压力间接影响幸福感。Researchers are paying increasing attention to employee well-being in the prosperctive of positive organizational behavior. This study aims to investigate how employee well-being levels vary with demographic factors and job characteristic factors. Moreover, it explores the mechanism through which job-related stress affects employee well-being. By conducting questionnaire surveys in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu, Changsha and Guangzhou, the authors obtained a sample of 305 Chinese mainland employees. 266 questionnaires are valid. The questionnaire comprised three parts. Part One included items about thedemographic characteristics and job characteristics of the respondents. Part Two adopted the Subjective Well-being Scales developed by Diener, including the Life Satisfaction Scale and the PA-NA Scale. Part Three adopted the scale developed by House et al and measuresd the job-related stress of employees. This part included Job Responsibility, Job Quality, Role Conflict, Work and Non-work Conflict, and Overload. The measures included 15 items altogether. The results are as follows： First, employees generally experience relatively low levels of life satisfaction and positive affect, and often have negative affect. Second, employees differ significantly in negative affect according to theor age and education level. With regard to age, employees under 25 and those between 36 and 40 have significantly higher negative affect than counterparts between 26 and 30. Regarding their education level, employees with college degrees experience significantly higher negative affect than those with university degrees or above. Meanwhile, employees with postgraduate degree or above have significantly lower negative affect than the the counterparts with university degrees. Third, employees from different ownership companies differ significantly in life satisfaction. Employees from private enterprises have significantly lower life satisfaction than those from state-owned enterprises or joint-venture enterprises. Fourth, emplo

关 键 词：员工幸福感 人口学变量 工作特征 工作压力 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]