南美白对虾虾头中磷脂提取工艺的优化  

Optimization of Extraction Process for Phospholipids from Penaeus vannamei Head

作　　者：边晶晶[1] 谢晶[1] 陈舜胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306

出　　处：《食品科学》2011年第24期11-15,共5页Food Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD05A18);上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(J50704)

摘　　要：以南美白对虾虾头为原料,研究利用正己烷-异丙醇混合溶剂提取虾头中的磷脂。以磷脂相对提取率为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,确定优化提取工艺条件为:正己烷与异丙醇的混合比为3:1(V/V)、料液比l:8(g/mL)、提取时间2h、提取温度40℃,此条件下与经典氯仿-甲醇法比较,相对提取率达98.11%。磷脂丙酮不溶物含量为85.4%,乙醚不溶物含量为0.2%,两项指标均高于一级浓缩磷脂的标准。通过薄层色谱分离定性,共有5种磷脂,其中4种分别为磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱、神经鞘磷脂和磷脂酰丝氨酸,剩余一种尚未确证。正己烷-异丙醇提取法安全、有效,为充分利用虾头等废弃物资源,从中提取磷脂提供了新的方法。Phospholipids extraction from the heads of Penaeus vannamei with a mixture of n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol was optimized by an orthogonal array design based on one-factor-at-a-time experiments.The extraction efficiency of phospholipids was investigated with respect to four process conditions including n-hexane/isopropyl alcohol volume ratio,material/liquid ratio,extraction time and temperature.The optimal values of the process conditions were determined to be 3：1,1：8,2 h and 40 ℃,respectively.Under these conditions,the extraction efficiency of phospholipids was 98.11% as calculated relative to the one obtained by the classic chloroform-methanol method.The insoluble residues of the phospholipids obtained by the optimized method in acetone and ether were 85.4% and 0.2%,respectively.Both indices exceeded the standard grade Ⅰof concentrated phospholipids.Five phospholipids were separated and characterized by thin-layer chromatography,including phosphatidylethanolamine（PE）,phosphatidylcholine（PC）,phosphatidylserine（PS）,sphingomyelin（SM） and an unknown compound.This study demonstrates that the hexane-isopropyl alcohol extraction method is safe and effective and provides a new method to extract phospholipids from Penaeus vannamei head and made full use of waste resources.

关 键 词：磷脂 南美白对虾 混合溶剂 丙酮不溶物 乙醚不溶物 薄层色谱 

分 类 号：TS272[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]