契丹小字汉语音译中的一个声调现象  

A Tonal Phenomenon in the Chinese Transcription of the Khitan Lesser Script

作　　者：沈钟伟 

机构地区：[1]马萨诸塞州大学 [2]Asian Languages and Literatures,LL&C University of Massachusetts,Amherst,MA 01003,USA

出　　处：《民族语文》2012年第1期39-50,共12页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：北京市共建项目(2009)--“文化接触与北京话变异研究”课题阶段性成果

摘　　要：契丹小字中的音译基本不显示汉语的声调区别,但有三种特殊拼写却和汉语去声音节有关,两个与去声有关的声调变化现象也可以证实这一点:一是中古全浊声母上声音节变成了去声;一是中古次浊声母入声音节变成了去声。因此,契丹小字材料中所观察到的次浊入声音节声调变化要比1324年的《中原音韵》中所记录的早了至少200多年。The Khitan Language, a member of the Altaic language family, is a non-tonal language. It is thus not expected that tonal distinctions of Chinese will be reflected in the transcriptions of the Khitan Lesser Script. However, it is quite surprising that there are three types of special spellings related to Chinese qu-tone syllables. Based on the identification of the special spellings of qu-tone syllables two tonal changes related to the qu tone can be confirmed. One is that the MC shang-tone syllables with voiced obstruent initials have changed to qu-tone, and the other is that the MC ru-tone syllables with sonorant initials have changed to qu-tone. It is worth noting that the tonal change of the ru-tone syllables with sonorant initials observed in the Khitan Lesser Script is at least more than two hundred years earlier than what is recorded in the Zhongyuan Yinyun of 1324.

关 键 词：汉语音译 契丹小字 声调 《中原音韵》 全浊声母 音节 去声 中古 

分 类 号：H211.5[语言文字—少数民族语言]