基于接触特征的车—人碰撞事故模型构建与分析  

Modeling and Analysis Method of Vehicle-pedestrian Crash Accidents Based on Contact Characters

作　　者：张晓云[1] 金先龙[1] 柴象海[1] 申杰[1] 侯心一[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海市公安局交通警察总队事故防范处,上海200070

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2012年第14期104-111,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(60970049;50875166;50705058)

摘　　要：接触损伤和接触变形是交通事故遗留的重要信息,车—人碰撞事故数值再现通常采用标准体形的假人模型和基于椭球体简化的刚体汽车模型,导致车、人接触位置数值仿真结果与真实事故场景存在较大差异,同时,当车速较高时汽车与行人接触部位容易产生过度穿透等问题。以缩放技术为基础,提出基于事故中受害人6大部位体形特征的假人数值模型定制方法。通过材料等效刚度曲线对车身接触部位进行定义,模拟车、人真实接触状态。通过行人与车身等效接触模型的建立,可以提高仿真计算精度,实现计算精度和计算效率的平衡。将上述方法在一起典型的车—人碰撞事故案例中进行应用,仿真结果表明,所得到的事故再现结果精度高、可靠性好,能够满足车辆变形状态下车—人碰撞交通事故过程再现的要求,为交通事故数值再现中的接触问题研究提供了新的思路。Injury of pedestrian and deformation of vehicle are the important information in the accidents. In the simulation analysis for vehicle-pedestrian crash accident, usually it uses vehicle model by rigid ellipsoid and the numerical dummy with the standardizing body. The shape error causes large different on the simulation results, and there is large penetrate in the contact position between vehicle and pedestrian when the speed is high. Based on the scaling technology, the method for estimating the anthropometry parameters of the six main parts of the given victim is studied. On the other hand, the true shape vehicle model based on shell element is adopted. The contact position between vehicle and pedestrian uses plastic materials and the equivalent stiffness curve of material is established to simulate the real contact and vehicle deformation. Through the equivalent contact model establishment between vehicle and pedestrian, it can improve simulation accuracy, and realize the balance between the calculation accuracy and the computational efficiency. The simulation results show that the accident reconstruction results can obtain with high accuracy, reliability. And it can meet accident reconstruction requirement under different vehicle speed and collision deformation. The study provides a new solution for vehicle large deformation.

关 键 词：行人 交通事故 接触特征 数值再现 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]