笛卡尔普遍怀疑中的上帝、数学与恶魔  

God,Mathematics and Devil in Descartes' Universal Doubt

作　　者：雷思温[1] 

机构地区：[1]天主教鲁汶大学

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第4期14-23,111,共10页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家留学基金委建设高水平大学公派研究生奖学金项目资助

摘　　要：笛卡尔在《第一哲学沉思集》的第一个沉思中做出了著名的普遍怀疑,它为第二个沉思中我思的发现及确立提供了前提。理解笛卡尔第一哲学的建构及其困难,必须以理解这一怀疑活动为基础。围绕其中上帝与数学的关系,恶魔假设的性质、功能以及范围产生了诸多不同意见。本文通过回顾相关文献认为,对感官性东西的怀疑通过恶魔假设之前的怀疑活动就已经完成,而恶魔假设只是加强了这一怀疑,并没有怀疑数学和上帝。在恶魔假设出现之前笛卡尔对于上帝与数学的讨论,才是第一个沉思最为困难的部分,在其中,数学和上帝虽然没有遭到怀疑,但却并不具有确定性。这一看似矛盾的两难关系突出反映了建立我思的前提与困难。同时,笛卡尔对上帝、数学与恶魔的复杂处理也构成了他对早期思想的自我批判,因而具有枢纽性的意义。Descartes in the first meditation in Meditationes de prima philo-sophia proposes his famous universal doubt which is the precondition for his 'I am' in his second meditation.The understanding of his first philosophy relies on the understanding of his universal doubt.There are controversial views over the relations between God and mathematics,the nature and role of devil hypothesis.This paper summarizes the previous studies in this aspect,and concludes that the doubt about conceptual things has emerged before the devil hypothesis.The devil hypothesis is not a doubt about God and mathematics.The most difficult part in Descartes' first meditation is in his discussion on God and mathematics before his proposal of devil hypothesis.His uncertainty in this part about God and mathematics reveals the dilemma for the construction of 'I am'.His discussion of the complicated relations among God,mathematics and devil with a self-criticism of earlier views has great significance at this critical moment.

关 键 词：笛卡尔 恶魔 数学 上帝 我思 怀疑 确定 

分 类 号：B565.21[哲学宗教—外国哲学]