汶川地震30个月后中小学生的身心状况研究  

Investigation on Mental Health State of Primary and Secondary School Students after 30 Months of Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：林崇德[1] 伍新春[1] 张宇迪[1,2] 臧伟伟[1,3] 周宵[1] 戴艳[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]北京信息职业技术学院,北京100015 [3]北京科技大学心理咨询与发展中心,北京100083 [4]四川师范大学教育科学学院,成都610068

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2013年第6期631-640,共10页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(08JZD0026);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(11JJD190006)

摘　　要：通过对汶川地震极重灾区的中小学生进行问卷调查,考察其在地震30个月后的创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、学习倦怠和创伤后成长等身心状况。结果发现:(1)震后30个月的中小学生创伤后应激障碍和抑郁情况较为严重,发生率分别达到6.6%和69.5%,女生和高年级学生是其高危人群;(2)学习倦怠总体情况比较轻微,学习的低效能感相对较严重;(3)创伤后成长的程度较高,且性别和年级间差异与创伤后应激障碍相似;(4)创伤后应激障碍、抑郁及学习倦怠等3个消极变量和创伤后成长之间分别为正相关、零相关和零相关。建议心理疏导人员将重心放在降低创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的程度及激发受灾学生的创伤后成长方面,并充分意识到创伤后成长程度较高的学生也有出现心理不良状况的可能性。A survey on posttraumatic stress disorder（ PTSD）, depression, learning burnout and posttraumatic growth （PTG） was conducted on primary and secondary school students in the severely-stricken areas of Wenchuan earthquake at 30 months after the earthquake. The results showed that the level of primary and secondary students＇ PTSD and depression were comparatively high, and the prevlence rate is 6.6% and 69.5% respectively, among which girls and high school students were high risk populations. The overall situation of learning burnout was not serious,but their learning self-efficiency was comparatively low. In addition, the level of primary and secondary school students＇ PTG was high, and had the similar difference of sex and grade with PTSD; the relationship between PTSD, depression, learning burnout and PTG are positive, zero and zero respectively. It＇ s suggested that the mental health educators pay more importance attention to reducing students＇ PTSD and depression as well as stimulating students＇ PTG. Meanwhile, they should be fully aware of psychological distress occurred in the students with high levels of PTG.

关 键 词：中小学生 汶川地震 创伤后应激障碍(PTSD) 抑郁 学习倦怠 创伤后成长(PTG) 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]