母亲风险因素对儿童早期发展的影响：教养行为的中介作用  

The Impact of Maternal Risk Factors on Children's Early Development: The Mediating Effect of Parenting Behaviors

作　　者：李燕芳[1] 刘丽莎[1] 刘丽君[1] 徐良苑[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2014年第5期66-75,共10页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：母亲风险是儿童早期消极发展的重要预测因素,其不仅直接影响儿童的发展,还可能通过影响教养行为进一步危害儿童的健康发展。本研究以1877名4.5~6岁儿童为研究对象,考察了母亲低学历、身体差和抑郁三个方面风险因素对学前儿童读写能力、数学能力、社会技能和问题行为的影响,以及母亲教养行为（敏感性、积极情感表达、认知指导、提供社交机会）的中介作用机制。结果发现：（1）母亲低学历显著预测儿童读写能力、数学能力、社会技能和问题行为;母亲身体差、抑郁均显著预测儿童社会技能和问题行为。（2）母亲敏感性和积极情感表达在各项风险因素对儿童各方面发展的预测中均发挥了中介作用;母亲认知指导在母亲低学历预测四个方面,以及母亲抑郁预测社会技能和问题行为中发挥中介作用;提供社交机会在母亲身体差和抑郁预测儿童社会技能和问题行为中发挥了中介作用。本研究结果为改善儿童早期的养育环境,降低危险环境的影响,促进儿童健康成长提供了依据。Maternal risk factors,which serve as significant predictors of negative early development of children,not only directly affect children’s development,but also endanger children’s sound development through mothers’ parenting behaviors. This study,by surveying 1877 preschoolers aged 4. 5- 6,aims to explore the effect of such maternal risk factors as low education,poor health,and depression on children’s literacy,numeracy,social skills and problem behaviors,as well as the intermediary role of mothers’ parenting behaviors（ sensitivity,positive emotions,cognitive stimulus,and social experiences）. The results show the following：（ 1） the mothers’ low education significantly predicts their children’s lower level of literacy,numeracy and social skills,and problem behaviors,while the mothers’ poor health and depression significantly predict their children’s lower level of social skills and problem behaviors;（ 2） the mothers’ sensitivity and positive emotions mediate between the maternal risk factors and the children’s developmental outcomes; the mothers’ cognitive stimulus mediates between the prediction of the children’s lower level of literacy,numeracy,social skills and problem behaviors by their mothers’ low education,as well as between the prediction of the children’s social skills and problem behaviors by their mothers’ depression; social experiences mediate between the mothers’ poor health /depression and their children’s social skills and problem behaviors. Based on these findings,the present study gives suggestions on improving children’s early rearing environment,reducing the risks of hazardous environments,and promoting the healthy growth of children.

关 键 词：母亲风险 教养行为 学前儿童 早期发展 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]