迁移的四因素理论:一种解释技能之间迁移机制的整合模型  

The Theory of Four-factors on Transfer: An Integrated Model on Mechanisms of Skill Transfer

作　　者：李亦菲[1] 朱新明[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育科学研究所,北京100875 [2]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2001年第4期113-118,共6页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：关于技能之间迁移机制 ,目前占主导地位的观点是西格勒和安德森的“共同要素理论”。这一理论认为 ,两种技能之间发生迁移的条件 ,是它们之间必须共有相同的过程性知识。这一观点忽视了陈述性知识在迁移中的作用 ,受到一些研究者的批评。单独考虑过程性知识或陈述性知识 ,都不能有效地解释技能之间的迁移。两种技能之间是否存在迁移 ,受到过程性知识之间的关系、对陈述性知识的精细加工、对过程性知识的精细加工、被试认知能力 (先前知识、认知水平、元认知水平等 )The mechanism of skill tracnsfer has been concerned with by psychologists for nearly 20 years.A widely accepted theory is the theory of common elements which argues that the transfer between two skills depends on the amount of procedural knowledge shared by the skills (Singley & Anderson,1989).However,this theory disregards the role of declarative knowledge of transfer of skills.So it was criticized by some researchers.Neither the procedural knowledge,nor the declarative knowledge can solely explain the mechanism of skill tracnsfer.Four factors including the relations between the procedural knowledge of two skills,elaboration of declarative knowledge,elaboration of procedural knowledge,and the subject's cognitive ability must be integrated into the explanation of the mechanism of transfer between skills.

关 键 词：迁移机制 过程性知识 陈述性知识 共同要素理论 技能 四因素理论 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]