安徽临泉宫庄遗址大汶口文化早期与龙山文化时期稻作农业发展的植硅体证据  

PHYTOLITH EVIDENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE BETWEEN EARLY DAWENKOU AND LONGSHAN CULTURES AT THE GONGZHUANG SITE IN LINQUAN COUNTY,ANHUI PROVINCE

作　　者：罗武宏 顾纯光 杨玉璋[1] 张东[2] 梁中合[2] 方方[1] 黄程青 张居中[1] LUO Wuhong;GU Chunguang;YANG Yuzhang;ZHANG Dong;LIANG Zhonghe;FANG Fang;HUANG Chengqing;ZHANG Juzhong(Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2018年第4期370-380,共11页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973项目)(批准号:2015CB953802);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41502164,41472148,41772172和41672176);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(批准号:15YJA780003);安徽省哲学与社会科学规划项目(批准号:AHSKY2016D37)共同资助.

摘　　要：新石器时代晚期(7.0-5.0 kaBP)是淮河中游地区单一稻作农业向稻旱兼作农业转变的关键阶段,然而,由于相关研究资料的匮乏,目前学术界对这一转变过程以及该时期淮河中游地区农作物的驯化水平等问题依然不清楚。本文利用植硅体分析方法,结合相对应年代分析结果,对安徽临泉宫庄遗址大汶口文化早期、龙山文化时期的的农业发展与植物资源利用情况进行了研究,结果在宫庄遗址大汶口文化早期和龙山文化时期的大多数土样中都发现有水稻特征型植硅体,且水稻植硅体的百分含量随时间推移呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,同时未发现粟、黍等其它农作物遗存的证据。这一结果表明大汶口文化早期和龙山文化时期,该遗址先民从事的是单一稻作农业,基本沿袭着淮河中游地区新石器时代中期以来的稻作农业传统。对水稻扇型植硅体边缘鱼鳞状纹饰数量统计结果显示,宫庄遗址大汶口文化早期水稻的驯化水平已接近于现代栽培稻。此外,本研究还在该遗址所有样品中发现有较丰富的竹亚科植物特征型植硅体,推测宫庄遗址先民可能较普遍的利用竹亚科植物作为工具、建筑、食物等的原材料。本文研究结果可为淮河中游地区新石器时代晚、末期先民的植物资源利用概况,农作物结构演替,水稻的驯化历程等研究提供重要的科学依据。The late Neolithic period was the key traditional stage from the monotonous agricultural system to the mixed farming of rice and millet in the middle Huai River valley.However,due to the lack of relevant research data, the transform process and the domestication rate of cereals in the region during the period were still unclear.In this paper,phytolith analysis and AMS14C dating were used to investigate the plant remains at the Gongzhuang site between the early Dawenkou and Longshan cultures.The results indicate that a certain amount of rice phytoliths were discovered from most samples at the Gongzhuang site during that time,with an increasing trend in their percentage over time,while no evidence for the millets were recovered.This demonstrates that rice farming might be the only agricultural system between the early Dawenkou and Longshan cultures at Gongzhuang.The phenomenon inherited basically the tradition of rice faming which had been found since the middle Neolithic in the Huai River middle stream. The statistical results indicated that 60.95%and 70.10%of rice bulliform phytoliths had equal or more than nine shallow fish-scale decorations during the early Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture periods,respectively,showing that the rate of rice domestication during the early Dawenkou culture at the latest had reached the level of modern cultivated rice.In addition,abundant of phytoliths from Bambusoideae commonly observed at the site,suggesting that these plants were possible widely utilized for the raw materials of instruments,buildings,foods and others.The findings reported in this study can provide significant evidence for studying the utilization of plants,transformation of crops structure,and the process of rice domestication in the Huai River middle stream during the Neolithic age.

关 键 词：植硅体 水稻驯化 稻作农业 竹亚科 宫庄遗址 安徽 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] S511-09[历史地理—历史学]