全球变化和可持续发展科学  

GLOBAL CHANGES AND SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

作　　者：刘东生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地学前缘》2002年第1期1-9,共9页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 9894170 )

摘　　要：文章回顾了全球变化研究的发展史 ,介绍了IGBP ,IHDP ,WCRP ,DIVERSITAS 4个国际全球变化研究组织的研究方向与核心内容以及它们共同提出的碳循环、食物、水资源三大课题。全球环境变化的实质是人与自然界关系的变化。人类活动改变地球系统动力的强度已经超过自然界变动的限度 ,“人类世”的概念与可持续发展科学应运而生。西方学者认为发达地区与发展中地区之间存在着阻碍可持续发展的鸿沟。笔者从可持续发展科学的角度讨论了发达地区与发展中地区的关系 ,并以我国东部与西部为例 ,指出若能通过政府的可持续发展政策 ,推动各职能系统的工作 ,实现信息、技术、经济的不断交互流动 ,就可以找到消除鸿沟的途径。The global change researches are reviewed and the global environmental change programmes such as International Geosphere-Biosphere Plan (IGBP), International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP), World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and International Biodiversity Programme (DIVARSITAS) are introduced. Each of these programmes is organized around a small number of research projects. IGBP, IHDP, WCRP and DIVARSITAS jointly proposed three issues including carbon cycle, food systems and water resources on the convention of IGBP named “Challenges of a changing earth”, in Amsterdam, 2001. The core project of IGBP and three issues mentioned above reveal that global change research becomes more and more complex and will be one of the scientific highlights at 21th Century. In fact,the significant environmental problems taking place in the world are those changes related to human-nature relationship. The degradation of terrestrial ecosystems by human activities is often linked to a shift beyond a threshold in a critical function, such as productivity. The earth is operating in a non-analogue state now. On this occasion, the words of Anthropocene and sustainability science began to make its appearance on scientific papers.Anthropocene is a new concept that is worthy paying attention to.Anthropocene means that the impact of human should be expanded to an epoch. We still should not forget the effect of nature itself when stressing the impact of human activities on nature. Sectorial science produced at local, landscape and regional scales provides a strong foundation for sustainability science. Some sustainability scientists believe that a global system and global system science are needed. However, they think that the difficulties of the situation are aggravated by resource and knowledge differences and a deepening digital divide. The socio-economic, environmental and knowledge dichotomies are exacerbated by the digital divide between developed and developing countries. The challenge is t

关 键 词：全球变化 可持续发展科学 IGBP 人类活动 人 自然界 碳循环 食物 水资源 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X22