声符和义符在形声字语音、语义提取中的作用――来自部件知觉眼动研究的证据  

The Role of Phonetic Radicals and Semantic Radicals in Phonetics and Semantics Extraction of Phonogram Characters:An Eye Movement Study on Components Perception

作　　者：张积家[1] 王娟[2] 印丛[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872 [2]江苏师范大学教育科学学院,徐州221116 [3]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》2014年第7期885-900,共16页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助)项目成果(14XNLQ05);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(2013SJB190002);江苏师范大学人文社会科学研究项目(12XWRO13)资助

摘　　要：采用眼动技术记录汉语阅读者在形声字的语音、语义提取中对声符和义符的注意规律,考察形声字部件的位置、功能和正字法意识对汉字认知的影响。结果表明:(1)在汉字的视觉加工中,阅读者对部件空间位置的注意加工优势受到声旁位置的调节。对左形右声结构的汉字,被试更多地注意字的右边,对右形左声结构的汉字,被试更多地注意字的左边;(2)在汉语阅读者的正字法规则中,存在着"左侧释义、右侧释音"的部件的位置-功能联结。(3)在通达形声字的语音、语义的过程中,与义符相比,声符具有注意资源的优势,这种优势在语音提取任务中更加明显:声符无需依赖义符的信息便可以相对独立地激活整字的语音,但声符需要义符的配合才能够提取整字的语义。A phonogram character consists of a semantic radical, usually reflecting the meaning of the character;and a phonetic radical, typically supplying partial information about the pronunciation of the character. A majority of these phonogram characters have a left-right structure, with the two radicals standing side by side;about 90%of them have the semantic radical on the left and the phonetic radical on the right （SP character）, and the other 10%have the semantic radical on the right and the phonetic radical on the left （PS character）. The ratio between SP characters and PS characters is about 5.5 to 1. When people are reading, how to make use of visual input to extract words’ phonetic and semantic information from mental lexicon？ The question has been highlighted in the study of psycholinguistics. The study was conducted to investigate eye movements of Mandarin Chinese native speakers while they made readable judgement and word categorizing tasks in SP characters and PS characters. Two experiments were adopted to investigate SP characters and PS characters’ processing characteristics. Readable judgement task was performed in Experiment 1. 32 college students （14 males and 18 females respectively） were tested. Single-factor which comprises SP and PS characters was used. The target stimuli included 60 phonogram characters （30 SP characters and 30 PS characters）. Frequency and strokes numbers were balanced between these two characters. Word categorizing task was performed in Experiment 2. Thirty college students （14 males and 16 females respectively） were tested. The experiment design was the same with Experiment 1. The target stimuli included 48 phonogram characters （24 SP characters and 24 PS characters）. Four compound semantic categories were used： （1） person （semantic radical of “亻” was included） or place name （semantic radical of “阝”was included）; （2） female （semantic radical of “女”wad included ）or bird （semantic radical of“鸟”was inc

关 键 词：语音 语义 义符 声符 正字法意识 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]