儿童最早记忆特征的初步研究  

Preliminary Study of the Characteristics of Children's Earliest Memories

作　　者：刘啸莳[1] 曹中平[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第4期880-887,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：为研究童年期遗忘,本研究采用简单最早记忆法考察了60名中国城镇独生儿童的最早记忆特征及各特征之间的关系,并在记忆情绪上加入了道德情绪和混合情绪的测查。结果发现,小学四年级学生和初中二年级学生的最早记忆各特征均不存在差异,性别差异也不显著。道德情绪和混合情绪在最早记忆中出现率分别为53.7%和41.7%。结果表明,中国城镇独生儿童的童年期遗忘在9岁时已变得和成人十分相似;情绪理解对早期记忆的长久保持起着关键作用。To explore the phenomenon of childhood amnesia, previous studies mostly focused on western adults. However, in recentyears, some cross -cultural studies and children studies discovered age and cultural factors have a significant effect on the boundary ofchildhood amnesia. Moreover, memory emotion was limited to being measured by the emotional valence and emotional intensity, whichrestricted the discussion about the emotion mechanism of autobiographical memory. From the perspective of development, our study used the single earliest memory method to investigate the only - child＇s childhoodamnesia. Firstly, the research revised the single earliest memory method by referencing the literature and conducting pre - interview.Then, the formal investigation used a revised interview approach, which investigated 60 students from grade 4 of a primary school andgrade 2 of a middle school. The detailed procedure of the interview is shown as follows. Firstly, the subject was introduced to the standard of memory, whichstressed that his/her memory must be a specifc memory and be able to be remembered. Secondly, the subject was required to reporthis/her earliest memory after taking a three - minutes recall. Meanwhile, he or she was also required to provide an estimation about his/her age of the earliest memory as recalled. After that, an opening question was introduced by stating ＂what feelings did you have duringthe whole event？＂. The last step was the examination of the adjective check list. This check list consists of the moral emotion words andthe basic emotion words which are introduced from Haidt＇s Theory（2003）and Lewis, Sullivan, Stanger, ＆ Weiss＇ Theory （1989）. After the interview, the following step was to code the content of the interview. Coding methods are mainly based on the classicstudy. What was worth mentioning was the analysis of the emotional content in memory. Specifically, from the stage of the openingquestion, the content reported by the subject would be coded as positive, negative, neutr

关 键 词：自传体记忆 童年期遗忘 最早记忆 情绪理解 道德情绪 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]