通过字源识字提高幼儿汉字理解与记忆的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on Improving Young Children's Comprehension and Memory of Chinese Characters through Etymological Teaching

作　　者：吴晓蓉[1] 任可心[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学西南民族教育与心理研究中心,重庆400715 [2]河北科技师范学院,河北秦皇岛066400

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2014年第5期42-49,共8页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"以民族文化为基础;促进多媒体汉语学习研究"(10JJD880015)的资助项目

摘　　要：以拼音为主的汉字教学,给幼儿的汉语学习与认知带来很多困难。在常用的增强汉字学习与记忆技巧中,依汉字演变规律,从追溯字源、再现汉字生成语境入手,通过揭示汉字形体内在机理,建立音、形、义三者内在关联的字源识字法值得关注。因此,研究旨在探索字源识字法对提高幼儿汉字理解、记忆的长期影响,以及对幼儿汉语言认知及思维发展的促进作用。参加者(N=99)按年龄差异,被分到大、中、小三个班级,实验结束后随机选择24名幼儿后测。尽管实验组和控制组的幼儿都认识一些汉字,但实验组的参加者接受了一个短期的字源识字法训练。结果显示,字源识字法提高幼儿汉字学习中的理解与记忆效果;字源识字法对幼儿汉语言认知及思维发展有促进作用。Teaching Chinese characters through Pinyin can cause many cognitive difficulties for young learners in learning Chinese . Among the frequently used learning and memorizing techniques , one technique worth special attention is teaching Chinese character through its etymology , which means establishing the association among the pronunciation , form and meaning of a character by tracing its etymology , recreating a generative context , and analyzing its configuration in accordance with the developmental rules of Chinese characters . Therefore , the present study aims to test the long term impact of teaching Chinese characters through its etymology on young learners’ learning and memorizing Chinese characters , and its positive effects on young learners’ Chinese character cognition and thinking development .99 learners were randomly assigned into the beginner , junior and senior classes in a kindergarten , and 24 of them were randomly selected to take the post test . Young learners in both the experiment group and control group have learned some Chinese characters , but the experiment group received one-week training in etymological learning of Chinese characters . The results indicate that the technique can not only promote young learners’ comprehension and memory of Chinese characters , but also can facilitate their Chinese character cognition and thinking development .

关 键 词：字源识字法 汉字构形 识字教学 字源识字策略 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]