利用磷尾矿生产含磷有机肥料的固体发酵研究  

Study on solid-state fermentation of producing phosphorus-containingorganic fertilizer using phosphate tailings

作　　者：郑君花[1,2] 王修俊[1,2] 冯廷萃 曲源[2] 程艳波[2] 范志平[2] 王丽芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学发酵工程与生物制药省级重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]镇远县名城食品厂,贵州镇远557700

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第14期61-65,79,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省星火科技项目(黔科合农字[2013]5080号)

摘　　要：为了充分利用磷矿开采过程中丢弃的低品位尾矿粉、酱油厂生产酱油后产生的酱油渣以及水稻秸秆3种废弃资源,减少对环境的污染,实现废弃资源的二次利用,研究了利用磷矿尾矿粉、水稻秸秆和酱油渣生产含磷有机肥料的工艺。利用水稻秸秆的疏松性利于培养基的透气性和酱油渣含有的粗蛋白为微生物提供氮源,结合黑曲霉、乳酸菌、醋酸菌和巨大芽孢杆菌制备的复合菌剂,通过单因素试验和响应面试验确定含磷有机肥解磷工艺。得出尾矿粉用量、料水比、发酵时间是影响复合菌剂解磷效果的显著因素,并得到最佳解磷工艺条件为尾矿粉:水稻秸秆:酱油渣的质量比为4.6∶5∶4,料水比为1∶2.56(g/mL),发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为121.2 h,在此条件下得到的速效磷含量为2 500 mg/kg,为生产含磷有机肥提供了必要的工艺参数和一定的理论依据。In order to make full use of low-grade phosphate tailings powder, soy sauce slag and rice straw to achieve secondary use, these three kind of wasted resources were combined to study on the solid-state fermentation of producing phosphorus-containing organic fertilizer. During the research, the crumbly rice straw was beneficial to the air permeability of medium, the crude protein of the soy sauce slag could provide nitrogen source for the microorganism and the composite microbial agents contains Aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria and Bacillus megaterium. The result showed that the amount of railings powder, ratio of water and fermentation time affected the complex microbial solubilizing significantly after single factor experiment and response surface analysis. Meanwhile, the optimum conditions for composite microbial agent solubilizing phosphate rock were that tailings powder： rice straw： soy sauce residue was 4.6：5：4, material to water ratio was 1：2.56, fermentation temperature was 30~C and fermentation time was 121.2 h. In these conditions, the available phosphorus content was 2 500.03 mg/kg, which provided technical support for the production of phosphorus- containing organic fertilizer.

关 键 词：磷矿尾矿 解磷 复合菌 发酵 有机肥料 

分 类 号：S963.91[农业科学—水产养殖]