中文读者词汇视觉信息获取速度的发展——来自消失文本的证据  

The Comparison of Eye Movements between Chinese Children and Adults When Reading Disappearing Text

作　　者：闫国利[1,2,3] 刘妮娜[1,2,3] 梁菲菲[3] 刘志方[4] 白学军[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074 [2]国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心,天津300074 [3]天津师范大学教育科学学院,天津300074 [4]宁波大学心理系暨研究所,宁波315211

出　　处：《心理学报》2015年第3期300-318,共19页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(2009JJDXLX005);天津市高校"中青年骨干创新人才培养计划"项目;天津师范大学2014年博士新人项目(2014BSXR)资助

摘　　要：通过消失文本范式操纵注视词的呈现时间,记录儿童（10-12岁）与成人（18-23岁）阅读消失文本和正常文本时的眼动行为,考察中文阅读中读者获取文本视觉信息速度的发展变化。结果发现：在40 ms及更长的文本呈现条件下,儿童与成人的阅读理解率和总阅读时间均不受显著的干扰,表明中文读者在非常短暂的文本呈现时间内能够快速地获取阅读所必需的文本视觉信息。然而,儿童受到消失文本操作更大的影响,表现为：儿童比成人采用更多回视进行信息的再次提取、再注视概率也较成人减少更多、同时当文本呈现时间不足时（20 ms）,儿童需要增加更多的总阅读时间来完成阅读活动,表明阅读机能较低的儿童比成人需要更长的文本呈现时间。本研究也说明,儿童在阅读时认知加工速度比熟练读者慢,除了表现在信息获取的空间范围,还在一定程度上表现在视觉信息获取的速度方面,与拼音文字研究中所发现的结果不完全一致。Recent studies using the disappearing text paradigm have shown that reading in alphabetic writing systems is not impaired substantially if words remain visible for only a short period when they are fixated （e.g., English： Rayner et al., 2006; Finnish： Blythe et al., 2011）.There are, however, important developmental differences in performance on this task, and findings indicate that developing child readers often must fixate more often on words, especially long words, whereas skilled adult readers do not （Blythe et al., 2011）. The present study used the disappearing text paradigm in two experiments to investigate if there is a similar developmental difference in performance on the disappearing text paradigm when reading Chinese. These experiments recorded the eye movements of native Chinese developing child readers and skilled adult readers. Participants read sentences formed from regular sequences of two-character words and each sentence was between 7 and 8 words long. These sentences were either presented normally or in a disappearing text paradigm in which, as each word was fixated, the word remained visible only for a short period before disappearing. There were four disappearing text conditions： in Experiment 1, each word remained visible for 20ms, 40ms, 60ms, or 80ms following fixation onset; and in Experiment 2, each word remained visible for 20ms, 60ms, 100ms, or 140ms following fixation onset. Both experiments showed that there was no overall cost to reading times for either age group except in the 20ms display condition, which was longer compared to when sentences were shown normally. This was consistent with the findings from studies in alphabetic languages. However, both the child and adults readers produced different patterns of eye movement behaviour in the disappearing text conditions compared to when sentences were shown normally. First, there was a trade-off between re fixation probability and fixation duration, such that both age groups of readers made fewer but longer fixations o

关 键 词：消失文本 中文阅读 眼动 儿童和成人读者 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]