小学科学教材60年  

Construction of coursebooks of science in primary schools

作　　者：潘洪建[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育科学学院,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2015年第2期29-34,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

摘　　要：60年来,小学自然、科学教材发生了系列变化。1951—1992年先后出版了7套全国通用小学自然教材。"文革"中各地自编教材。1986年前后小学教材走向多元。教材编写的指导思想经历了知识传授——能力发展——科学素养养成的转变。教材结构大致经历了叙述印证(演绎式)——观察概括(归纳式)——主题整合(综合式)等发展阶段。教材内容从强调基础知识走向科学素养培养,从重视结论叙述走向关注探究过程,从注重思想政治教育走向科学态度情感培养,从系统性走向综合性。未来的科学教材改革需要妥善处理基础性与适应性、知识性与思想性、内容广度和深度、教材的实质内容与外在形式等关系。Great changes have taken place in primary school coursebooks of nature and science over the past six decades.Seven sets have been published from 1951 to 1992 that are for national use,while during the cultural revolution,differed regional editions are compiled.Primary school coursebooks become diversified since around 1986.The guiding principles vary in imparting knowledge,competency development,cultivation of scientific literacy.The structure undergoes narrative or deductive,observing or inductive,and thematic or integrative types.The focus switches from imparting of knowledge to developing scientific literacy.Yet,reforms are needed to properly handle the coursebooks in terms of fundamentality,adaptability,profundity,authority and binding.

关 键 词：小学自然教材 小学科学教材 教材改革 60年 

分 类 号：G423.04[文化科学—课程与教学论]