父、母学历与教养行为对学前儿童发展的影响  

On the Effects of Parents' Educational Backgrounds and Parenting Behaviors on Preschoolers' Learning Ability and Problem Behaviors

作　　者：李燕芳[1,2,3] 刘丽君[1,2,3] 刘丽莎[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室 [3]中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2015年第4期76-83,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"早期家庭风险环境对儿童心理发展的影响及作用机制"(项目编号:14YJA190006);北京社科联青年社科人才项目"北京市学龄前流动儿童的发展和教育环境状况"(项目编号:2014SKL021)的研究成果

摘　　要：父母受教育水平和教养行为是影响儿童发展的两个重要环境变量。由于长期以来父、母亲在家庭中的角色分工不同,其受教育水平和教养行为对儿童发展的作用也有所不同。通过对190名学前儿童实施早期学业能力测验,父、母亲分别完成教养行为问卷,教师对儿童的问题行为进行评定,考察父亲和母亲的受教育水平、教养行为对学前儿童学业能力、问题行为的影响及差异。结果发现:(1)母亲的受教育水平和父亲的鼓励谦虚行为显著预测学前儿童的学业能力;(2)母亲的鼓励谦虚和羞辱/撤回关爱行为显著正向预测儿童的问题行为,而父亲的羞辱/撤回关爱则显著负向预测儿童的问题行为。Parents＇ educational backgrounds and parenting behaviors are important environment variables that have an impact their children＇ s development. As parents＇ roles vary in the family, their educational backgrounds and parenting behaviors have different effects on their children＇ s development. This study, by using question- naires to survey 190 preschool children＇s academic ability and their parents＇ parenting behaviors, as well as the preschool children＇ s problem behaviors assessed by their teachers, aims to explore the effects of parents＇ educa- tional backgrounds and parenting behaviors on their preschool children＇s academic ability and problem behaviors. The results show the following： The preschool children＇ s mothers＇ educational background and their fathers＇ en- couragement and modesty could help significantly predict their academic ability; their mothers＇ encouragement, modesty, humiliation, and withdrawal of care could help significantly and positively predict their problem behav- iors, but their fathers＇ humiliation and withdrawal of care could help significantly and negatively predict their problem behaviors.

关 键 词：父母受教育水平 教养行为 学前儿童 学业技能 问题行为 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]