中美大学生同一主题作文词汇和词块运用特征对比研究  

A contrastive analysis of the features of vocabulary and lexical bundles in Chinese and American university students' writings with the same prompt

作　　者：杨滢滢[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际教育学院,上海200083

出　　处：《外语界》2015年第3期51-58,75,共9页Foreign Language World

摘　　要：本研究通过对比分析中国英语学习者和美国大学生同一主题的各40篇作文,借助语料库技术手段考察两组作文在产出性词汇和词块运用上的主要特征。研究结果显示:(1)在词汇方面,中国学习者词汇量呈现增长态势,书面语词汇产出意识较强,但他们在词汇运用丰富性、复杂性及词汇扩展能力上有待提高。(2)在词块运用方面,中国学习者和美国大学生具有一定共性:词块运用都复现一定量的写作提示语,词块运用频率随词元的增加而减少,两组写作者都倾向于使用短小词块。但是,他们的词块运用也存在明显差异:中国学习者词块产出意识较强,比美国大学生明显更多使用三、四、五词词块;美国大学生词块运用的离散程度较高;中国学习者词语搭配选择受写作提示语影响较大,选词宽泛模糊,并且中国学习者运用较多的衔接性词块。This study examines both Chinese English majors＇ and American college students＇ writings （ each 40 sam- ples ） with the same prompt, attempting to investigate the main features of their productive vocabulary and use of lexi- cal bundles by employing the corpus analytical tools. The study reveals the following results： （ 1 ） Chinese learners display a marked increase in vocabulary, and they have the awareness to produce more newly learned words, but they need to improve lexical richness, complexity and the ability to expand the use of vocabulary in an accurate and appro- priate way. （2） As to the use of lexical bundles, Chinese learners and American college students show a similar tendency. They both repetitively use the lexieal bundles from the writing prompt, and their use of lexical bundles de- creases with the increase of the ＂N＂ in ＂N-grams＂, which implies that they tend to use more shorter lexieal bundles instead. Their use of lexical bundles also exhibits distinct differences. Chinese learners＇ use of 3, 4 and 5 grams out- numbers that of American counterparts. Contrastively, American college students＇ use of lexical bundles demonstrates a higher degree of dispersion. What＇s more, Chinese learners are more likely to use the words from the writing prompt, and they use more general and vague words. Besides, they use more connective expressions as well.

关 键 词：词汇 词块 本族语学习者 英语学习者 写作 

分 类 号：H319[语言文字—英语]