发酵全脂大豆粉提取油和蛋白的研究  

Oil and Protein from Fermentation-Assistant Aqueous Extraction of Full Fat Soybean Powder

作　　者：吴海波[1,2] 齐宝坤[2] 江连洲[2] 张雅娜[2] 赵彩虹[2] 杨冬[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学国家大豆工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150028 [2]东北农业大学食品学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2015年第8期24-31,共8页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第54批面上资助(2013M541333);黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z12053)

摘　　要：采用发酵工艺分别联合磨碎和挤压膨化前处理技术制取大豆油和蛋白,通过油和蛋白得率及其品质评估工艺的可行性。结果显示发酵全脂豆粉联合挤压膨化能够显著提高油和蛋白提取率,总油和总蛋白得率分别为95.1%和87.12%,与水酶法得率相近,显著高于磨碎前处理工艺。磨碎豆粉与膨化豆粉经发酵提取油的品质和脂肪酸组成相似,均优于溶剂浸提油;磨碎与膨化豆粉发酵所得分离蛋白(FE-SPI和FGSPI)分子质量主要分布在10 000 u以下,FE-SPI的功能性优于或接近于FG-SPI,二者的溶解性、持水性显著优于碱溶酸沉制取的分离蛋白(W-SPI),但疏水性、持油性、乳化性、发泡性能及黏度均低于W-SPI。研究证实发酵联合挤压膨化提取大豆油作为一项环境友好制油技术具有良好的应用前景。Fermentation -assistant aqueous extraction processed with full fat soybean powder in combination with grind and extrusion pretreatment has been separately evaluated for the feasibility based on the yield and quality of oil and protein. From fermentation extraction processing in combination with extrusion, total oil and total protein ex- traction yields were 95.1%, 87.12%, respectively, higher than that of fermentation with grind pretreatment, and closed to that produced from enzyme - assistant aqueous extraction process. Quality of oil extracted from ground soy flours was similar to that from extruded flours. Compared to solvent extraction, fermentation extraction oil had the bet- ter quality even no significant difference in the fat acid compositions. Soybean protein isolate extracted from extrusion flours （ FE - SPI） had the better function/similar to isolate that extracted from ground flours （ FG - SPI） ; further, both of the molecular weights were below 10 000 u. Both FE - SPI and FG - SPI were better than soybean protein iso- late obtained by isoelectric point method （ W - SPI） in the aspects of solubility, water - holding capacity, but more inferior in surface hydrophobicity, fat - holding capacity, emulsifiability, foamability, viscosity. As an environmen- tally -friendly technology alternative to solvent extraction of soybean oil, fermentation - assistant aqueous extraction processing combined with extrusion pretreatment had better application perspective.

关 键 词：发酵 挤压膨化 大豆粉 

分 类 号：TS224.4[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]