基于4C/ID模型的自主学习活动设计及教学应用  

The Design and Implementation of Self-Regulated Learning Mode Based on the 4C/ID Model

作　　者：李爽[1] 张艳霞[1] 喻忱 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育技术学院远程教育研究中心

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2015年第5期85-93,共9页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：北京师范大学2011年度教学建设与改革项目"基于Blackboard平台开展‘以学生为中心’大学教学创新的课例建设;北京师范大学教育技术学院985项目"技术革新教学的理论与实践研究"子课题"新技术环境下基于问题的异质小组合作学习模式教学实验研究--以‘计算机应用基础’课程为例"

摘　　要：探索有效促进复杂认知能力发展的自主学习设计理论与方法是当前远程教育教学设计领域亟待解决的问题。荷兰开放大学麦里恩博尔教授及其团队基于整体任务训练的复杂学习设计所研发的4C/ID模型,是国际培训与教学技术领域具有较高认可度与影响力的教学设计理论之一,能够较好支持以训练复杂认知能力和促进学习迁移为目标的学习活动设计。基于4C/ID模型构建的自主学习模式由难度逐级递增的三组任务构成,每组任务都包括案例学习、有关键步骤提示的任务、模拟任务和常规任务等四类学习任务,这些任务提供了在整体任务训练中支持要素逐渐减少的不同问题情境。此外,每组任务还提供了支持性信息、程序性信息和部分任务练习三类学习支持,以满足学习者在任务训练过程中的支持需求。对该自主学习模式的教学应用效果分析显示:基于4C/ID模型所设计的自主学习模式与活动为学生掌握解决复杂实践问题所需的认知图式、认知策略与实践技能搭建了有效的脚手架,且在锻炼学生自主学习能力、激励与维持学习动机、支持个性化学习方面也具有较好的效果。It is important for open and distance education to explore the theory and method of self-regulated learning design to promote complex learning effectively. The Four-Component Instructional Design （4C/ID） model, developed by Prof. van Merri-nboer and his team in Open Universiteit Nederland, aims at supporting the design of complex and ＂whole-task＂ learning. It is an acknowledged and influential design theory in the field of international training and education technology. The model is supposed to support the design of learning activities for developing rich cognitive schemata and promoting learning transfer. The self-regulated learning mode based on the 4C/ID model proposed by the present study consists of three task classes with increasing difficulty. There are four types of learning tasks within each task class, namely case learning task, critical procedure reminding task, simulation task and normal task, which provides four kinds of task situations with decreasing support for whole-task practice. In addition, three kinds of support components, including learning tasks, supportive information, just-in-time information and part-task practice, are provided for meeting requirements of learners during the process of task. The implementation of this mode showed that the self-regulated learning mode and activities based on 4C/ID model would establish good learning scaffoldings for learners to develop their cognitive schemata, cognitive strategies and practical skills for solving the complex questions in practice. Furthermore, it would contribute to developing self-regulated learning ability, encouraging and sustaining learning motivation and supporting individualized learning.

关 键 词：自主学习 复杂学习 教学设计 4C/ID模型 实证研究 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]