思想政治教育“灌输论”小议  

On the Indoctrination Theory in Ideological and Political Education

作　　者：张正江[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2016年第3期33-38,共6页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：2013年教育部人文社会科学研究规划课题"道德价值教育与道德事实教育研究"(课题批准号:13YJA880109)

摘　　要：当今我国思想政治教育学界盛行一种所谓的"马克思主义灌输论"。其实,列宁只是因为时代的需要而暂时有所保留地引述了考茨基的"灌输论"。在人民内部,列宁很快就抛弃了"灌输",而主张思想政治工作者深入人民群众和青年学生的生活之中,引导人民在实践中产生社会主义思想意识,把自己培养成社会主义者。马克思、恩格斯等坚决反对灌输、说教。从历史唯物主义和认识论看,人的认识和思想观念的产生,根本上基于自己的物质条件和生活、实践,外因需要通过内因而发生作用。当代国内外几乎所有教育理论,无不把"灌输"远远地抛诸脑后。如当代著名的解放教育学家弗莱雷在《被压迫者教育学》中就深刻批判了培养被压迫者的灌输式教育,主张对话教育。A theory on indoctrination is spreading in China based on Lenin＇s What Is to Be Done and claims to belong to Marxism. In fact, Lenin only quoted Karl Kautsky＇s words about indoctrination in order to refute the Theory of Spontaneous. The Theory of Indoctrination and the Theory of Spontaneous are extremely one-sided. Lenin casted away indoctrination quickly and claimed that educators ought to go to the grass roots and the youth, and instruct them to develop Socialist consciousness through practice. Both Marx and Engels opposed indoctrinating or preaching. From the perspectives of Historical Materialism and Materialistic Epistemology, human cognitions, thoughts and concepts are produced by their material conditions, their life and practice. External factors play a role through internal factors. Paulo Freire, a famous liberationist educator refuted indoctrination in education and advocated dialogue education in Pedagogy of the Oppressed.

关 键 词：灌输论 思想政治教育 对话教育 《被压迫者教育学》 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学]