市售水产品中副溶血性弧菌污染的定量风险评估  

Quantitative risk assessment of the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products

作　　者：王李伟[1] 张昭寰 赵勇[2] 彭少杰 

机构地区：[1]上海市食品药品监督管理局执法总队,上海200233 [2]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [3]上海市药品和医疗器械不良反应监测中心,上海200050

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2016年第6期365-371,共7页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市科委重点科技公关项目(12391901300)

摘　　要：目的评估上海市居民通过水产品暴露副溶血性弧菌的健康风险,为防控副溶血性弧菌引起的食物中毒提供参考。方法以2011—2013年市售水产品副溶血性弧菌风险监测数据和本市居民水产品消费情况调查数据为基础,遵循国际食品法典委员会(CAC)危害识别、风险特征描述、暴露评估和风险描述四个评估步骤,参考FAO/WHO等科学文献中的相关参数,采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,分析市售水产品中副溶血性弧菌"从市场到餐桌"的生长变化情况,定量评估上海市居民通过水产品副溶血性弧菌的暴露水平和健康风险。结果上海市居民每人每天通过食用水产品导致副溶血性弧菌感染而患病的概率均值为1.2×10-6,根据《2014上海统计年鉴》的常住人口数,每年可能患病的人数约为10 746人。结论上海市居民通过食用水产品导致副溶血性弧菌感染而患病有一定的风险。降低生食水产品比例,严格控制生食水产品加工、储运温度和时间是减少副溶血性弧菌感染而患病的关键。Objective To estimate the health risk due to the consumption of aquatic products contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai,and provide the basis for control of foodborne diseases associated with this pathogen. Methods According to the guidelines provided by Codex Alimentarius Commission（ CAC）,we performed a quantitative microbial risk assessment model with four steps： hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization. The surveillance data of Vibrio parahaemolyticus concentration in aquatic products from Shanghai during 2011 and 2013 and Shanghai residents＇ aquatic products consumption data were added in the model. And the parameters were set in this model based on the FAO / WHO scientific literature. A Monte Carlo simulation method was employed to analyze the increase of Vibrio parahaemolyticus concentration in aquatic products from market to table,and quantify the exposure and health risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by consuming aquatic products in Shanghai. Results The mean value of probability of infectious illness caused by aquatic products contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai was 1. 2 × 10- 6. That indicated the number of infectious illnesses associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai might reach 10 746 cases every year based on the population data from Shanghai Statistical Yearbook in 2014. Conclusion There is the certain health risk of suffering from the disease due to the consumption of aquatic products contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai. Decreasing the occurrence of eating raw aquatic products and controlling the temperature and time of aquatic products processing and storage were determined as the critical factors for suppressing foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

关 键 词：水产品 副溶血性弧菌 定量风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]