德国职业教育的想象、现实与启示——再论德国职业教育发展的社会原因  

The Imagination,Reality and Implications of German Vocational Education—New Analysis of the Social Reasons for the Development of German Vocational Education

作　　者：李俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学职业技术教育学院,上海200092

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2016年第8期14-27,共14页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2014年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"行业企业参与职业教育的社会机制研究"(项目编号:14YJC880026);国家留学基金"国外教育调研访问学者"项目(项目编号:留金发[2015]3064);湖北省普通高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地湖北职业教育发展研究院基金项目"湖北省职业院校治理能力研究"(项目编号:2015A105)

摘　　要：中国职业教育研究与实践者在对德国职业教育的一些认识上存在偏差。德国的职业教育不止局限于双元制职业培训,且完成职业教育的人群的收入和社会地位属于社会中等水平,德国的企业参与职业教育并不只是出于社会责任,在一定程度上也符合成本利益的考量。德国职业教育的发展离不开几项重要的社会基础:界限明晰但差距有限的社会阶层结构,职业性原则作为德国职业教育的组织原则,产业界的自治及其对职业教育的权限。有鉴于此,中国职业教育建设存在的几点困惑和问题如下:现代学徒制是制度还是模式?学徒制与学校形式的职业教育的关系是怎样的?如何进一步提高行业企业参与职业教育的意愿与程度?Based on the description of the German vocational education it analyzes the social backgrounds and reasons of the German vocational education＇s development. The German vocational education is not limited to the dual system. Those who finished vocational education and obtained vocational qualifications belong to the middle class in terms of income level and social status. German companies＇ involvement in vocational training is not merely an outcome of corporate social responsibilities, but also based on cost-benefit calcu- lation. Some social backgrounds are necessary to the developments of German vocational ed- ucation system, namely the clear social hierarchized structure with modest disparities, ＂Beruflichkeit＂ （vocationalism） as the organizational principle of the German vocational education, as well as the autonomy of industry and its privilege in vocational education. The introduction and analysis of the German vocational education system leads to a few puzzles and questions to be answered related to vocational education in China： is modern appren- ticeship a grand social institution or an educational-pedagogical mode？ What is the rela- tionship between apprenticeship and school form vocational education？ How to further im- prove the willingness and degree of firms＇ involvement in vocational education？

关 键 词：德国 双元制 收入 社会结构 劳动力市场 自治 

分 类 号：G71[文化科学—职业技术教育学] G516[文化科学—教育学]