谷物可溶性(1→3)(1→4)-β-D-葡聚糖结构与生理活性的研究进展  

Research Progress in the Structure and Physiological Activity of Soluble (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucan from Cereal

作　　者：吴晖[1] 何平伟[1] 赖富饶[1] 闵甜[1] 张婷[1] 何嘉敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《现代食品科技》2016年第7期283-294,共12页Modern Food Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2013ZM0065);广东省天然产物绿色加工与产品安全重点实验室开放基金资助项目(201304);广东省高等学校科技创新重点项目(2012CXZD0009);国家自然科学基金项目(31201330);广州市科技攻关项目(201300000202);华南理工大学百步梯攀登计划项目(DC30715040)

摘　　要：谷物β-葡聚糖是β-D-吡喃型葡萄糖基单元通过(1→4)-β-键重复连接并被单一(1→3)-β-D-键分离而形成的一种线性同聚多糖,同时也是谷物水溶性膳食纤维的主要成分,主要存在于大麦、燕麦、青稞、小麦和黑麦中。谷物可溶性β-葡聚糖的生理效应与其独特的结构具有密切关系,本文注重于谷物β-葡聚糖的分子结构特征与其在胃肠道中的生理活性的关系,总结了谷物可溶性β-葡聚糖在降低胆固醇、餐后血糖指数与胰岛素水平上等生理活性的研究,探讨了谷物β-葡聚糖对肠道菌群与免疫作用的新机制。对几种β-葡聚糖生理活性机理的研究进行了描述:增加小肠黏度水平因此延缓胃排空、消化和分子吸收,包括葡萄糖、膳食胆固醇和胆汁酸;于小肠中与胆汁酸相结合降低胆汁酸重吸收,进而促进利用胆固醇的胆汁酸合成;降低餐后血糖指数与胰岛素水平改善胰岛素敏感性;于盲肠、结肠中发酵改善肠道健康。Cereal β-glucans are a type of linear homopolysaccharides formed by the linkage of β-D- glucopyranosyl units via（1→4）-β-linkage and separated by single（1→3）-β-linkages.They are the main component of water-soluble dietary fibers from cereals and are mainly found in barley,oat,hull-less barley,wheat,and rye.The physiological activity of soluble β-glucan from cereal is closely related to its unique structure of（1→3）（1→4）-β-D-glucan.This paper focused on the relationship between the characteristics of the molecular structure of cereal β-glucans and their physiological activity in the gastrointestinal tract.The physiological activities of cereal soluble β-glucans in reducing cholesterol,postprandial glycemic index,and insulin levels are summarized and new mechanisms underlying the effect of β-glucans on the intestinal flora and immune function are discussed.Studies on several mechanisms underlying the physiological activities of β-glucan are described.The viscosity level in the small intestine was increased,delaying the gastric emptying,digestion,and absorption of molecules,including glucose,dietary cholesterol,and bile acids.β-glucans bound with bile acid in the intestine to decrease the bile acid reabsorption,thus promoting the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol.β-glucans improved insulin sensitivity by reducing postprandial glycemic index and insulin level and underwent colonic fermentation to improve intestinal health.

关 键 词：谷物 Β-葡聚糖 结构 生理活性 

分 类 号：TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]