基础教育资源分配的城乡差异及其社会后果——基于中国教育统计数据的分析  

The Rural-urban Differences in Resources Allocation of Basic Education and Its Social Consequence: Base on the Analysis of China's Education Statistics

作　　者：文军[1] 顾楚丹 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心暨社会发展学院,上海200241

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2017年第2期33-42,共10页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"有序推进农业转移人口市民化研究"(13&ZD043);国家社会科学基金重大项目"现阶段我国社会大众精神文化生活调查研究"(12&ZD012);国家社会科学基金项目"回到马克思:西方社会结构理论的比较与反思"(13BSH002)

摘　　要：过去30年来,中国乡村基础教育发展迅猛,但基础教育的城乡差异状况及其负面效应,始终是基础教育乃至整个教育发展的瓶颈,极大地影响着整个社会的进步。本文主要基于国家教育统计数据,比较了2003年和2013年中国城乡基础教育资源分配的发展及其差异状况,重点分析了这种差异状况可能带来的社会后果。城乡基础教育资源分配折射了整个中国社会城乡利益的失衡格局,其负面效应的破解亟待整个社会城乡二元结构的打破。Based on the national education statistics of 2003 and 2013,this paper aims to make comparison between China's urban and rural areas in basic education resource allocation,its development and the urban-rural differences. The comparison shows that the rural basic education resources lag behind in faculty,books,and computers. Moreover,the urban-rural gap in pre-school education and high school education is broadening,which has probably become the most hazardous issue in China's basic education. Therefore,only emphasizing on the urban-rural balance in compulsory education won't help address the situation of unequal educational opportunities for rural children.This paper focuses on the potential social consequences caused by such disparity. The ' education chain' refers to the complete sequence of education nodes ranging from basic education to higher education and it contributes to the understanding of possible education path choices at individual and family level. In summary,the urban-rural differences in allocating basic education resources can cause at least three consequences as follows:A. Influence on rural students. Compared with urban students,rural students' academic performance is poor and the completion rate of 'education chain'is much lower,affected by disproportionate distribution of educational resources.B. Influence on educational equity. The rural-urban disparity in basic education resources centers on the period of high school,which is regarded as the last 'opportunity'to transfer from basic education into higher education in the 'education chain'. Therefore,it is biased to attribute the inferior position of rural students' access to higher education to the inequitable urban-rural higher education. The key factor is the inequitable urban-rural enrolling opportunity in secondary education. The urban-rural inequality of access to senior secondary education from junior secondary school continues to expand,resulting in the decline of opportunities for rural students' admission to college. Its root cause

关 键 词：基础教育 教育公平 城乡差异 教育资源分配 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]