高中生数学成绩的性别差异研究  

Gender Difference on Math Assessment in High School Students in China

作　　者：关丹丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]教育部考试中心

出　　处：《数学教育学报》2017年第6期22-25,32,共5页Journal of Mathematics Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划单位资助教育部规划课题——新高考改革背景下的高考质量评价研究(FBB160604)

摘　　要：数学能力性别差异一直是国内外教育考试界关注的热点问题.选取2016年使用全国同一数学试卷的多个省的高考考生为研究样本,对比分析了总体以及每一个省的高考数学成绩的性别差异,并依据题型、能力和知识内容维度分类后对性别差异的具体表现形式进行了详细分析.结论如下：（1）总体上,男生在高考数学表现上更加优异.（2）女生的选择题成绩总体上优于男生,而男生的填空题与解答题成绩总体上优于女生.（3）男生的逻辑思维、空间想象、数据处理3种能力总体上均高于女生,而女生的运算求解能力总体上高于男生,创新应用能力性别差异不显著.（4）男生在代数、立体几何、概率与统计3项成绩上总体高于女生,而女生在解析几何和三角函数两项成绩上则高于男生.（5）不同省之间在高考数学成绩的性别差异程度及差异的具体表现形式有所不同,个别省性别差异程度较大,其原因值得教育研究者与实践者不断关注与探讨.Differential gender performance in standardized mathematics assessment had long been a heated topic. The present article selected several provinces test takers who participated the same mathematics test in 2016 college entrance examination. The overall gender differences in math test were analyzed, as well as the pattern of gender differences by item type, assessment objects and item domain in each province. Conclusions were as follows： 1） In general, there existed an academic gender gap in math test, males had significantly outperformed females in mathematics. 2） Students showed the significant gender difference in favor of females on multiple-choice questions, while in favor of males on blank filling questions and written response questions. 3） Males had significantly outperformed females on the ability of logical thinking, spatial imagination and data processing; while females had significantly outperformed males on computing solution ability; males and females did not show any significant difference on innovative application capabilities. 4） Males scored significantly higher on algebra, solid geometry, probability and statistics than females; while females scored significantly higher on analytic geometry and trigonometric than males. 5） The gender differences and its specific manifestation on math test in different provinces were not consistent. Students in individual provinces showed the largest gender difference in favor of males, reasons for that should be aroused continuous attention and discussion among researchers and practitioners.

关 键 词：高中生 高考 数学 性别差异 

分 类 号：G632.0[文化科学—教育学]