荀子“隆礼重法”思想的辩证认识及扬弃  

A Dialectical and Critical Analysis of the Reigning Thoughts of "Advocating Rites and Emphasizing Law" of Xunzi

作　　者：李延军 

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院地方文化研究院

出　　处：《理论与现代化》2017年第6期64-72,共9页Theory and Modernization

摘　　要：荀子"隆礼重法"思想成熟于西周封建宗法制度瓦解、君主专制制度即将崛起的战国后期。"天人相分""治乱非天",是其逻辑起点;"人性恶"假设,是其哲学理论基础;"化性起伪",是其教化途径与手段;"隆礼重法"是其主要工具及核心治国思想。礼,"度量分界""养人之欲",用以划分社会人群等级,分配社会资源财富,规范贵族地位特权,维护新兴君主专制统治;法,"重刑罚以禁之",用以惩戒违礼之罪,维护和保障礼之总纲地位与顺利实施。礼法兼用,德法并举,由此实现社会由乱到治。但荀子思想具有典型的君主专制主义等级特征,其"人性恶"等理论观点存在逻辑悖论,以及为专制独裁背书的历史局限,需要站在当代人类文明的高度,保持警惕,辩证认识,扬弃改良,为其注入人类共有文明价值理念,重新诠释构建,为当代儒学转型及民主法治社会建设,提供有价值的思想参照。The reigning thoughts of Xunzi, ＂advocating rites and emphasizing lawM, became mature in the end of the War-ring States Period, when the patriarchal clan system had crumbled and the autocratic system was about to r ise. ＂Distin-guishing mankind from heaven＂ and ＂social stability does not depend on heaven＂ are its logical starting point, ＂humanity is evil＂ is its philosophical assumption, ＂changing humanity by man-m ade means＂ is its way of education, ＂advocating rites and emphasizing law＂ is its main tool and the core idea of reigning society. The rites, ＂measuring boundaries＂ and ＂raising people＇s desire＂, is used for differentiating social classes, distributing social products, restricting noble privilege, and maintaining the emerging monarchy. The law, ＂punishing severely to b a n ＂, is used for punishing the violation of rituals, ensuring its operation and dominant status. Combining with the rites and the law, the virtue and the law, Xunzi hopes that the society could be turned from chaos to order. However, due to historical limitations, the thought of Xunzi, which has the typical hierarchical characteristics of autocratic monarchical society, is paradoxical on its philosophical assumption of h u -man nature, and tends to endorse the contemporary autocratic system. Accordingly, within the context of current modern civilization, we need to analyze Xunzi＇s thoughts cautiously and dialectically, to extract the relevant and discard the bad, and to combine it with current universal value to rebuild it, with the hope that we can provide valuable reference for the transformation of Confucianism and for the society to build itself as one ruled by law and democracy.

关 键 词：荀子 隆礼重法 人性恶 化性起伪 辩证认识 扬弃 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]