汉语作为第二语言学习者笔语产出性词汇研究  

A Study on Written Productive Vocabulary of Chinese Second Language Learners

作　　者：张江丽[1] Zhang Jiangli

机构地区：[1]北京华文学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2018年第3期417-430,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：2014年度国家社科基金青年项目"外国留学生汉语书面语词汇进步模式研究"(项目号:14CYY020);2018年度北京华文学院一般项目"基于语料库的汉语第二语言学习者产出性词汇研究"(项目号:HW-18B-02)的资助

摘　　要：本文在自建笔语语料库的基础上,对汉语作为第二语言学习者的产出性词汇进行了考察,对比了学习者的产出性词汇与《汉语水平词汇等级大纲》词汇的异同,分析了产出性词汇量与语料覆盖率之间的关系。研究发现,初、中、高级水平学习者最大产出性词汇量分别为3630个、4882个、6938个。产出性词汇中超纲词较多。词汇在大纲中的等级越靠前,产出效果越好。学习者的产出性词汇与语料覆盖率之间呈现"效用递减律"。最高频的2000个产出性词汇可以覆盖大约90%的汉语二语语料,而这些词汇在同规模汉语母语语料中的覆盖率仅为71%。要读懂90%、95%的一般性汉语文本,分别需要大约6000个、10000个词汇。On the basis of a self-built corpus,this paper investigates the productive vocabulary of learners who take Chinese as a second language and compares the similarities and differences between the productive vocabulary of these learners and Syllabus of Chinese Graded Vocabulary.The relationship between productive vocabulary and coverage is also analyzed.It is found that the maximum productive vocabularies of L2 learners at elementary,middle and advanced levels are 3630,4882 and 6938 respectively and that many words are not listed in the syllabus.The higher the grade of a word is in the syllabus,the better its productive use.Learners＇ productive vocabulary and coverage show the＂law of diminishing lexical utility＂.The 2000 productive words of the highest frequency cover about 90% of the Chinese L2 corpus,but the coverage of these words in the Chinese native language corpus is only 71%.To comprehend 90%to 95% of general Chinese texts,a vocabulary size of 6,000 to 10,000 words is needed.

关 键 词：语料库 产出性词汇 词汇量 词汇大纲 “词汇效用递减律” 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]