广东口岸远洋船员营养与健康状况调查  

Study on nutrition and health status of ocean sailors in Guangdong port

作　　者：王劲 王冰[2] 何洪涛[2] 张建明[2] 蒋卓勤[1] WANG Jin;WANG Bing;HE Hong-tao;ZHANG Jian-ming;JIANG Zhuo-qin(College of Public Health,Sun Yat Sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [2]广东国际旅行卫生保健中心

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2018年第4期269-272,276,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：广东出入境检验检疫局科技计划项目(2016GDK28)

摘　　要：目的了解广东口岸中国籍远洋船员膳食营养现状,为改善远洋船员营养、保障健康提供科学依据。方法以2016年7-11月期间在广东国际旅行卫生保健中心进行健康体检的中国籍远洋船员为调查对象,进行膳食问卷调查,计算营养摄入量;对船员进行健康体检,统计船员患病情况。结果膳食调查显示,船员禽畜肉类、鱼虾水产类、蛋类人均日摄入量分别为232.57±47 g、92.21±32.76 g、60.23±20.75 g,超过参考摄入量;而水果、蔬菜、奶及奶制品的人均日摄入量分别为38.32±48.31 g、257.49±49.67 g、68.72±58.61 g,低于参考摄入量;蛋白质、脂肪人均日摄入量分别是124.2±22.7 g、150.6±36.9 g,高于推荐摄入量RNI/适宜摄入量AI;而维生素A、维生素PP、维生素C、钙的人均日摄入量分别是584.6±228.3μg、10.8±3.5 mg、78.1±26.1 mg、522.3±122.8 mg,低于RNI/AI。体检资料显示,中国籍船员中体重不足组(8.11%)和肥胖组(14.19%)均高于中国普通居民;船员脂肪肝、胆囊疾病、高血压、心脏病、糖尿病高发,检出率分别为15.88%、6.42%、6.08%、4.05%和2.03%。结论远洋船员膳食结构不合理,营养不平衡。建议均衡膳食结构,改善营养,以预防和减少疾病的发生,提高远洋船员生存质量。Objective To understand the dietary and nutrition condition of ocean sailors,and to provide scientific evidence for improving their nutrition and health conditions. Methods The ocean sailors who undertook health examination in Guangdong International Healthcare Center from July to November of 2016 were selected to be research objects. Food frequency questionnaire was conducted,and physical examination data was collected for analysis. Results The dietary survey of ocean sailors showed that the daily intake of poultry meat,aquatic products and egg products was 232.57±47 g,92.21±32.76 g,60.23±20.75 g,respectively,were all above Chinese dietary reference intakes（DRIs）. The daily intake of fresh fruits,vegetables and milk products was 38.32 ±48.31 g,257.49 ±49.67 g,68.72 ±58.61 g,respectively,all under DIRs. The nutrition survey showed that the daily intake of protein and fat was 124.2 ±22.7 g,150.6±36.9 g,respectively,above recommended nutritional intake/adequate intake（RNI/AI）,and the daily intake of vitamin A,vitamin PP,vitamin C and calcium was 584.6±228.3 μg,10.8±3.5 mg,78.1±26.1 mg,522.3±122.8 mg,respectively,were under RNI/AI. The physical examination showed that the proportion of underweight and obesity in o-cean sailors was 8.11% and 14.19%,respectively,which were higher than Chinese residents（6.0%,11.9%）,and there was high rates of fatty liver,gallbladder diseases,hypertension,heart diseases and diabetes among the ocean sailors while the relevance ratio was 15.88%,6.42%,6.08%,4.05% and 2.03%,respectively. Conclusion According to the dietary survey,unbalanced dietary structure was prevalent among the ocean sailors. Unhealthy diet patterns was re-sponsible for the disease incidence. It is suggest to adjust the dietary structure and balance the nutrition status,to improve the health conditions of the ocean sailors prevalented.

关 键 词：远洋船员 膳食 营养 

分 类 号：R151.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]