马克思哲学与“存在论”范式的转换  

Switchover of Marxist Philosophy and the Paradigm of the “Doctrine of Being”

作　　者：贺来[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2002年第5期4-13,共10页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：马克思哲学在“存在论”问题上的重大贡献在于实现了对传统哲学的实体本体论的变革 ,改变了理解“存在”问题的解释原则和思维方式 ,开辟了“存在论”的现代哲学范式。马克思认为传统哲学实体本体论的根本错误就在于颠倒了逻辑与生存、理论与实践、理论理性与实践理性的关系 ,把本来第二性的、派生性的存在“头脚倒置”为“第一性”的和基础性的存在。因此 ,必须在根本上改变基本的解释原则 ,对颠倒的关系进行“倒置” ,确立感性实践活动优先于逻辑和知性、并构成逻辑和知性基础的本体论地位。在马克思那里 ,“感性实践活动”的确切所指乃是人“本源性”的生命存在和活动方式 ,正是这种本源性的生存方式 ,构成了“世界”、“人”以及“人与世界关系”的“奥秘”和深层根据。在此意义上 ,马克思的实践观点在根本上扭转了解决“存在”问题的方向 。The important contribution of Marxist philosophy to the “doctrine of being” was the transformation of the substantive ontology of traditional philosophy at its theoretical kernel. It changed the interpretative principles and cognitive mode of the understanding of “being” and created a modern philosophical paradigm for the “doctrine of being.” In Marx' view, the substantial ontology of traditional philosophy had a fundamental error, i.e., it reversed the relationship between logic and subsistence, between theory and practice, and between theoretical reason and practical reason, taking what is secondary and derivative as the primary and basic being. It was therefore necessary to put a radical end to the existing interpretative principles, to reverse again what had been reversed, and establish the ontological position of perceptual practical activity that takes precedence over and forms the basis for logic and understanding. What Marx exactly meant by “sensuous practical activity” is man's “archetypal” subsistence of life and form of activities. It is this archetypal subsistence of life that constitutes the “mystery” and underlying grounds of “the world,” “man” and the “relations of man with the world.” In this sense, Marx's viewpoint of practice radically changed the direction of efforts to solving the question of “being” and made a leap in interpreting principles.

关 键 词：存在论 人 世界 感性实践活动 实体本体论 生存论本体论 马克思主义哲学 范式转换 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]