从“儿童中心”到“学生为本”——略论杜威“儿童中心论”对中国教育的影响  

From “Children-centered” to “Students-focused”——The Influence of Dewey's “Children Centeredness” on China's Education

作　　者：陈妍[1] 任强[1] CHEN Yan;REN Qiang(School of Chinese Language and Literature, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China)

机构地区：[1]淮北师范大学文学院,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2017年第11期25-28,共4页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：2013年安徽省高等教育振兴计划重大教育改革研究项目(2013zdjy176);2014年度安徽省教育科学规划三项改革专项课题(JGZXD201421);2014年度安徽省高等学校省级质量工程项目(2014zjjh017)

摘　　要："儿童中心"是杜威在批判传统教育时提出的一种破旧立新的教育观念。在以陶行知为代表的杜门弟子的传承下,推崇"儿童天性"成为当时中国教育界的一股热潮。解放初期,杜威的实用主义教育观曾被认为是资本主义腐朽的象征,受到强烈的批判。但在改革开放的时代背景下,"儿童中心"为建立"学生主体"的学科教学模式以及平等的师生对话关系提供了丰富的精神养料,实现从"儿童中心"向"学生为本"的转变。在提倡素质教育的今天,"儿童中心"理论仍然会继续争议下去,在批判和辩护声中,教育界正努力探索一条适合我国国情的教育改革之路。“Children centeredness”is a new concept that Dewey proposed when criticizing the traditional education concept.In China,Dewey’s Chinese disciples represented by Tao Xingzhi uphold“children’s nature”in the field of education,which become a great mass fervor in China at that time.In the early days after liberation,Dewey’s pragmatism education view was regarded as a symbol of capitalism decay and was heavily criticized.While,under the background of the age of reform and opening up,“children centeredness”provides the foundation for the establishment of“Students Focused Theory”.“Student Focused Theory”gradually took the prevailing position of“Children Centeredness”.Nowadays,quality-oriented education is highly praised,“children centered”theory will continue to be a controversy,and the Chinese education is still on the way of exploring a path.

关 键 词：杜威 儿童中心论 杜门弟子 学科教学模式 师生对话关系 学生为本 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]