美国高校生态学专业的课程设置及人才培养特点  

Curriculum provision and professional training characteristics of ecology specialty in USA colleges and universities

作　　者：秦钟[1,2,3] 章家恩 叶延琼[1,2,3] 赵本良 危晖[1,2,3] QIN Zhong;ZHANG Jiaen;YE Yanqiong;ZHAO Benliang;WEI Hui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics,Ministry of Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642 [2]农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2019年第5期178-184,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东省生态学人才培养模式创新实验区建设项目(粤教高函【2012】123号);广东省生态学专业综合改革试点建设项目;广东省生态学应用型人才培养示范基地(粤教高函【2014】97号);华南农业大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目(华南农研[2015]4号);华南农业大学教育教学改革与研究项目(华南农教〔2018〕43号);广东省高等教育教学改革项目(粤教高函〔2018〕180号)

摘　　要：生态学现已成为一门宏观与微观相结合、多学科交叉的综合学科。美国高校的生态学专业注重生态学相关理论和分析方法、实验技能及应用的系统培养,课程设置也充分体现这一特点。以美国佐治亚大学、加州大学戴维斯分校和芝加哥大学的生态学专业为例,主要表现在:开设的学科交叉复合课程多、在课程设置上遵循循序渐进的原则,注重课程梯度;研讨类课程较多;倡导实行主辅修制,强化实践教学、提高学生实践和研究能力等方面。这些做法可为我国高校在生态学专业建设和人才培养过程中提供参考。Ecology is a multidisciplinary course based on the combination of macroscopical and microcosmic methods.Systematical training in ecological theories and analytical approaches as well as experimental skills and application are greatly concerned for curriculum provision of ecology specialty in USA universities and colleges.Taking three universities,i.e,University of Georgia,University of California-Davis,and University of Chicago as examples,the main characteristics of ecology courses may be:(1)Many interdisciplinary courses are offered,especially for the honorary students.(2)Curricular provision follows the principle of“step by step”and grade-designed practice teaching system is focused.(3)More seminar courses are included.(4)The major-minor system is established and advocated.(5)Practical Teaching is strengthened for improvement of students'practice and research ability.These practices and experiences are of reference value to construction and talents training of the ecology specialty in China colleges and universities.

关 键 词：生态学专业 课程设置 美国 高校 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]